Armistice, signed, 182 Army, 172 f.; permanent, 100; reinforcement of, 169; of 115,000 men, 171; zone, 175 Army bill, 171 Arnulf, Count, 24 Arras, 14; bishoprics of, 14; charter of, 43; cloth dyeing, 46; diocese of, 105; treaty of, 116 Art: Belgian, 90, 166; and craftsmanship, 91; goldsmith’s, 122; Gothic, 53; Romantic, 53 Artevelde, assassination of Jacques Van, 72; and crafts, 62; Philip, 72 Artillery, heavy, 174 Artistic development, during communes, 53 Artists, Belgian and Italian, 31 Artois, 24, 57, 65, 115, 126 Association internationale africaine, 167 Ath, 47 Athis-sur-Orge, peace of, 65 Atrocities, 175 Auber’s _La Muette de Portici_, inaugurated Belgian revolt, 153 Austria, enemy of the revolution, 141 Austria-Hungary, 17 Austrian: defeat of, troops, 141; domination, 130, 140; Netherlands, 131, 142, 148; revolution against, 148; rule, 5; tyranny, 141 Autonomy, 74, 80 Bade, Treaty of, 128 Baekelmans, 178 Baesrode, 49 _Bailli_, 42 Balance of power, European, 131, 140, 159, 161 Baldwin I, Count, 23 Baldwin II, 24 Baldwin V, Count, 24, 57; daughter of, married to William the Conqueror, 24 Baldwin VIII, 50 Baldwin IX, 45, 50 Baltic Sea, 44 Barbarossa, Emperor Frederick, 55 Barcelona, 46 Barriers, Treaty of the, 147 Bastile, fall of, influence on Belgians, 152 Battles, at Aerschot, Haelen, Hauthem, Mons, Sambre, Vilvorde, 172 Bavaria, Emperor Louis of, 70; house of, 75 Beggars, 87 Bel, Jean le, 90 Belgian: animosity against Netherlands, 150; artists, 31; cities, 36, 49; ethnical and linguistic duality of, people, 10; field army, 171; frontiers preserved, 167; _genre_, 34; independence, 4, 152, 155; nobles, 107; possessions invaded by French, 141; provinces became industrial, 46; republic, 140, 148; revolt against Dutch, 152 f.; seaports, 44; separation of, provinces from Spain, 112; trade and industry, 12 f.; union, 26, 74 Belgians: “Belgae,” of Celtic origin, 4, 8; civilization of, 3; defeated at Louvain and Hasselt, 157; first Queen of, 163; names of, 4, 5; national culture of, 3; parents of escaped, fined or imprisoned, 177 Belgiojoso, Count Giovanni Giacomo di, 134 Belgium: accepted Roman rule, 8; annexed by France, 142; _arena militaire_ of Europe; artistic life of, 31; bilingualism of, 10; built first railway on Continent, 164; development of communes in, 42; founder of, 76; heathen until eighth century, 14; independent, 21, 145, 154 f., 163; invaded by Prince of Orange, 110; kept from European turmoil, 164; map of, 164; no political unity in, 25; occupied by French, 141; occupied by Germans, 175; passage through, asked, 170; permanently neutral, 159; political secularization of, 135; reconquest of, 117; religious life in, 28; ruled from Madrid, 94; secession from Holland, 117; separate state since 1588, 5; separated during Middle Ages, 17; stripped of products, 180; territorial losses, 125; united with Holland under Kingdom of the Netherlands, 145, 149; unity of, 76 Benedictine rule, 26