Flanders: annexation of Walloon, by France, 46; artistic center of Belgium, 32; under Austria, 130; belonging to France, 18; communes of, 43; counts of, 30, 37; in diplomatic relations with England, 125; enjoyed friendly relations with Cambrai and Hainaut, 20; French literary influence in, 34; front offensive on, 181; homogeneous territory, 20; liberated from French influence, 64; maritime, 53; name applied during Spanish rule, 5; people of Walloon and Flemish, 33; politically united body, 19; in power of Franks, 10; powerful, 56; religious reform in, 27; retreat through, 173; revolt of, 143; revolt in West, 164; seat of cloth industry, 38; subjection of, 58; in touch with Arab merchants, 37; trying to escape from influence of France, 26; vassal of French king, 20; William the Conqueror hostile to, 26 Flemings, 30, 37; descendants of Franks, 11; Lotharingia included, 18; party of, 179 Flemish, 33, 50; literature, 51, 52; university, 179 Fleur-de-lis, 63 Fleurus, battle of, 141 Florence, 45 Fontanet, battle of, 17 Formation, period of, 8 Fortification, system of, 168 f. Fortresses, Dutch garrisons in Belgian, 132; at Liège and Namur, 168 Four Métiers, 24 Franc tireurs, 174 France, 13, 17, 23, 26; copper and tin exported to, 38 Franche-Comté, 77, 92, 126 Francis I, French king, 95; son of, 146 Franck, 178 Franco-German War, 161, 167 Franks, 18; Clodion, first king of, 11, 15; conquest by, 10; devastated Gaul, 9; Flemings descendants of, 11; invasion of, 5; Northern Belgium occupied by, 10 Frederick III, German Emperor, 76, 92 Frederick, Prince of Holland, attack on Brussels by, 153; defeat of, 154 Frederick William, Elector, of Prussia, 148 Freedom, personal and collective, 36; of worship, of the press, of association, of educational teaching, to taxpayers, 154 French, civilization, 33; domination ended, 144; in Flanders and Brabant, 50; influence, 33; language, 50, 88; régime, the, 4, 144 ff.; repulsed Dutch, 157; Revolution, 140 French, Sir John, 174 Friesland, seigneurie of, 75; annexed, 95 Frisians, 18 Froissart, Jean, 67, 90 Garigliano River, 12 Gascony, 45 Gaul, 9 Gauls, 1, 8 Gendebein, 154 f. Genoa, 45 _Genre_, historical, 51; didactical, 52 German, architects, 31; garrisons occupied cities, 177; invaders, 170; Lotharingian bishops of, descent, 31; secret police, 178 Germanic ideas, 31 Germany, 13, 25, 30; culture of, 56 Gérard, Balthazar, 117, 157 Gerard, Bishop, 42 Gette, River, 171 Ghent: belfry of, 37; Calvinistic republic, 114; center of commerce, 44; cloth industry in, 46; diocese of, 105; pacification of, 113, 115; revolt in, 80; road through, 39; wharves at, 37 Ghiberti, 91 Gibraltar, straits of, 44 Giovanni, 31 Goddess of Reason, 142 Godefrid, the Bearded, 27; of Bouillon, 33 Golden Fleece, order of the, 81; approved _placarts_, 97 Golden Spurs, battle of the, 41, 64 von der Goltz, General, 175 Gothic architecture, 92 Grand Council, 78, 93 “Grand Privilege,” 88, 93