Wales, 11 Wallony, 179 Walloon-Flanders, 24, 65 Walloon monks, 32; spoke Flemish and French, 33 Walloons, 11, 15, 30, 115 War: against northern provinces, 120; of the civilians, 174; with France, 95, 155; Franco-German, 167; _franc-tireur_, 175; levy, 181; not possible without consent of communes, 44; on own soil, 126; of the Peasants, 143; right to make, 161; of the Spanish Succession, 128; spoils, 173 Warfare, trench, 174 Waxweiler, 158 Wealth, 181 Wellington, Duke of, 149 Westphalia, Treaty of, 131 William the Conqueror, 25, 26, 37 William, Count, 69 William I, Dutch King, 150, 153 William I, of Prussia, 166 William II, German Emperor, 166 William III, of Netherlands, 166 William the Silent, 110; declared himself Calvinist, 115 Wool cloths, 38; industry, 38; importers, 46; insufficient English supply, 47; from Spain and Navarre, 47; under “saisie,” 180 Worms, Cathedral of, 31 Worringen, battle of, 60 Würtemberg, Duke of, 174 Yoens, 62 Ypres, 38, 46; diocese of, 105; hall of, 54, 55; ruin of, 84; strip of country containing, 174 Yser, defended, 173 f.; king and queen with troops on, 176; trenches on the, 177; troops of the, 182 Zeeland, country of, 75; islands of, 24; Prince of Orange in control of, 112 “Zivilverwaltung,” 175 Zutphen, 77 Zwyn, river, 37 FOOTNOTES: [1] See G. Kurth, _Notre nom national_. [2] H. Colenbrander, _De Belgische Omwenteling_. [3] I am much indebted for the drawing of the maps in the book to Mr. Isidore Versluys, librarian of the Historical Seminary in the University of Louvain. [4] A wide expanse of sandy soil extends from east to west almost uninterruptedly across Belgium; the eastern section of this, covering the northeastern portions of the provinces of Antwerp and Limburg, is called the Campine. Cf. R. C. K. Ensor, _Belgium_, p. 24. [5] The term “Walloon” comes from _Wala_, “foreigner,” the name that was given by the Teutonic invaders to the Gallo-Romans dwelling behind the Sylva Carbonaria. The name _Wala_ is to be connected with the terms “Welsh,” “Wales,” apparently of the same origin and given to the Britons and their country by the Anglo-Saxon invaders. [6] R. C. K. Ensor, _Belgium_, pp. 37-38. [7] By Walloon-Flanders is to be understood the southern part of the county, including the cities of Lille, Douai, and Béthune. [8] During the reign of Count Robert (1093), William the Conqueror, then King of England, adopted a hostile attitude toward Flanders. As a result Robert gave his daughter in marriage to the King of Denmark and, in agreement with him, planned an invasion of England. The hostile attitude of the English kings of the Norman dynasty turned the counts of Flanders to seek again the protection of France. [9] The outlet to the sea for the city of Bruges was by means of the river Zwyn. [10] _Inferno_, XV, 4-6.