§ 1. The Overthrow of Arianism 142 § 2. The Cost of Orthodoxy 146 § 3. Moral and Intellectual Stagnation 153 § 4. The Social Failure 159 Part III MEDIEVAL CHRISTIANITY Chap. I--Expansion and Organization § 1. Position in the Seventh Century 165 § 2. Methods of Expansion 168 § 3. Growth of the Papacy 174 Chap. II--Religious Evolution and Strife § 1. Growth of Idolatry and Polytheism 184 § 2. Doctrines of the Eucharist, Purgatory, and Confession 189 § 3. Rationalistic Heresies 194 § 4. Anti-clerical Heresies 197 Chap. III--The Social Life and Structure § 1. The Clergy, Regular and Secular 205 § 2. The Higher Theology and its Effects 211 § 3. Christianity and Feudalism 213 § 4. Influence of the Crusades 218 Chap. IV--The Intellectual Life § 1. Superstition and Intolerance 224 § 2. The Inquisition 227 § 3. Classic Survivals and Saracen Contacts 231 § 4. Religion and Art 236 Chap. V--Byzantine Christianity 238 Part IV MODERN CHRISTIANITY Chap. I--The Reformation § 1. Moral and Intellectual Forces 245 § 2. Political and Economic Forces 249 § 3. Social and Political Results 257 § 4. Intellectual Results 265 Chap. II--Progress of Anti-Christian Thought § 1. The Physical Sciences 278 § 2. Philosophy, Cosmic and Moral 283 § 3. Biblical and Historical Criticism 286 Chap. III--Popular Acceptance § 1. Catholic Christianity 292 § 2. Protestant Christianity 296 § 3. Greek Christianity 303 Chap. IV--The Relation to Progress § 1. Moral Influence 310 § 2. Intellectual Influence 315 § 3. Conclusion and Prognosis 319 Synopsis of Literature 323 Index 339 CORRIGENDA