A good conspectus and discussion of the data as to the Essenes is given by Dr. Ginsburg in his pamphlet The Essenes, 1864. On the sects, see also Schürer, Div. ii, vol. ii; Bishop Lightfoot, Dissertations on the Apostolic Age; and Oskar Holtzmann, Neutestamentliche Zeitgeschichte, 1895. § 4. Gentile Cults A general view of non-Christian in relation to Christian religion is most readably presented in M. Salomon Reinach's Orpheus: Histoire generale des Religions (6e édit. 1909). The best mythological dictionary is Roscher's great Ausführliches Lexikon der griechischen und römischen Mythologie, but Preller's Griechische Mythologie and Römische Mythologie and Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (three vols. 1844-49) give most of the data. A general notion of the infiltration of pagan religion into Christianity may be gathered from Les Saints Successeurs des Dieux by P. Saintyves (1907); and Rendel Harris's The Dioscuri in Christian Legend (Oxford, 1903). In regard to the cults of Attis and Adonis, consult Frazer's Adonis, Attis, Osiris (vol. iv of new ed. of Golden Bough) and Foucart Des Associations religieuses chez les Grecs; for the cult of Dionysos, the same and Frazer's Golden Bough; also (with caution) Mr. R. Brown's Great Dionysiak Myth, two vols. 1877-8, and the older Recherches sur le Culte de Bacchus of Rolle (3 tom. 1824), both works of great learning. Lucian's treatise De Dea Syra gives special information on Syrian religion. Sidelights are thrown on the cults in question by the Christian Fathers, in particular Julius Firmicus Maternus, De errore profanarum religionum (best ed. Halm's); Epiphanius, De Hæresis; Hippolytus, Refutation of all Heresies (trans. in Ante-Nicene Library, vol. vi). The main clues to the Osiris cult are in The Book of the Dead (Eng. tr. by Budge, 1898) and Plutarch's treatise On Isis and Osiris, which should be read, however, in the light of Tiele's or some other competent History of Egyptian Religion. The main data as to Mithraism are collected in the author's essay in Pagan Christs. The standard research on the subject is Cumont's Textes et Monuments Figurés relatifs aux Mystères de Mithra (1896-9: add. vol. 1913). Valuable light is thrown on the oriental side of Christian mythology by Professor Hermann Gunkel, Zum religionsgeschichtlichen Verständnis des Neuen Testaments, 1903, trans. in The Monist, Chicago, 1903. § 5. Ethics: Popular and Philosophic