E-text prepared by Sigal Alon, Martin Pettit, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from digital material generously made available by Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries (http://www.archive.org/details/toronto) Note: Images of the original pages are available through Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries. See http://www.archive.org/details/ashorthistory00chesuoft A SHORT HISTORY OF ENGLAND by G. K. CHESTERTON London Chatto & Windus MCMXVII Printed in England by William Clowes and Sons, Limited, London and Beccles. All rights reserved CONTENTS PAGE I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. THE PROVINCE OF BRITAIN 6 III. THE AGE OF LEGENDS 19 IV. THE DEFEAT OF THE BARBARIANS 30 V. ST. EDWARD AND THE NORMAN KINGS 43 VI. THE AGE OF THE CRUSADES 58 VII. THE PROBLEM OF THE PLANTAGENETS 71 VIII. THE MEANING OF MERRY ENGLAND 86 IX. NATIONALITY AND THE FRENCH WARS 104 X. THE WAR OF THE USURPERS 119 XI. THE REBELLION OF THE RICH 133 XII. SPAIN AND THE SCHISM OF NATIONS 151 XIII. THE AGE OF THE PURITANS 163 XIV. THE TRIUMPH OF THE WHIGS 179 XV. THE WAR WITH THE GREAT REPUBLICS 195 XVI. ARISTOCRACY AND THE DISCONTENTS 209 XVII. THE RETURN OF THE BARBARIAN 223 XVIII. CONCLUSION 238 A SHORT HISTORY OF ENGLAND I INTRODUCTION It will be very reasonably asked why I should consent, though upon a sort of challenge, to write even a popular essay in English history, who make no pretence to particular scholarship and am merely a member of the public. The answer is that I know just enough to know one thing: that a history from the standpoint of a member of the public has not been written. What we call the popular histories should rather be called the anti-popular histories. They are all, nearly without exception, written against the people; and in them the populace is either ignored or elaborately proved to have been wrong. It is true that Green called his book "A Short History of the English People"; but he seems to have thought it too short for the people to be properly mentioned. For instance, he calls one very large part of his story "Puritan England." But England never was Puritan. It would have been almost as unfair to call the rise of Henry of Navarre "Puritan France." And some of our extreme Whig historians would have been pretty nearly capable of calling the campaign of Wexford and Drogheda "Puritan Ireland."