A Short History of Freethought Ancient and Modern, Volume 1 of 2: Third edition, Revised and Expanded, in two volumesRobertson, J. M. (John Mackinnon)
Religion
A Short History of Freethought Ancient and Modern, Volume 1 of 2: Third edition, Revised and Expanded, in two volumes
Robertson, J. M. (John Mackinnon)
Free thought -- History
The hesitations of the critics on this head are noteworthy. Karl
Ottfried Müller, who is least himself in dealing with fundamental
issues of creed, evades the problem (Lit. of Anc. Greece, 1847,
p. 329) with the bald suggestion that "Æschylus, in his own
mind, must have felt how this severity [of Zeus], a necessary
accompaniment of the transition from the Titanic period to the
government of the Gods of Olympus, was to be reconciled with the
mild wisdom which he makes an attribute of Zeus in the subsequent
ages of the world. Consequently, the deviation from right ... would
all lie on the side of Prometheus." This nugatory plea--which is
rightly rejected by Burckhardt (Griech. Culturgesch. ii, 25)--is
ineffectually backed by the argument that the friendly Oceanides
recur to the thought, "Those only are wise who humbly reverence
Adrasteia (Fate)"--as if the positing of a supreme Fate were not
a further belittlement of Zeus.
Other critics are similarly evasive. Patin (Eschyle, éd. 1877,
p. 250 sq.), noting the vagaries of past criticism, hostile and
other, avowedly leaves the play an unsolved enigma, affirming only
the commonly asserted "piety" of Æschylus. Girard (Le sentiment
religieux en Grèce, pp. 425-29) does no better, while dogmatically
asserting that the poet is "the Greek faithful to the faith of his
fathers, which he interprets with an intelligent and emotional
(émue) veneration." Meyer (iii, §§ 257-58) draws an elaborate
parallel between Æschylus and Pindar, affirming in turn the "tiefe
Frömmigkeit" of the former--and in turn leaves the enigma of the
Prometheus unsolved. Professor Decharme, rightly rejecting the
fanciful interpretations of Quinet and others who allegorize
Prometheus into humanity revolting against superstition,
offers a very unsatisfying explanation of his own (p. 107),
which practically denies that there is any problem to solve.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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