1. Rationalism in Germany. The Schleiermacher reaction: its heretical character. Orthodox hostility 420 2. Progress in both camps. Strauss's critical syncretism 423 3. Criticism of the Fourth Gospel 425 4. Strauss's achievement 425 5. Official reaction 426 6. Fresh advance. Schwegler. Bruno Bauer 426 7. Strauss's second Life of Jesus. His politics. His Voltaire and Old and New Faith. His total influence 428 8. Fluctuating progress of criticism. Important issues passed-by. Nork. Ghillany. Daumer. Ewerbeck. Colenso. Kuenen. Kalisch. Wellhausen 431 9. New Testament criticism. Baur. Zeller. Van Manen 434 10. Falling-off in German candidates for the ministry as in congregations. Official orthodox pressures 435 11. Attack and defence in England. The Tractarian reaction. Progress of criticism. Hennell. The United States: Parker. English publicists: F. W. Newman; R. W. Mackay; W. R. Greg. Translations. E. P. Meredith; Thomas Scott; W. R. Cassels 437 12. New Testament criticism in France. Renan and Havet 439 Section 3.--Poetry and General Literature 1. The French literary reaction. Chateaubriand 440 2. Predominance of freethought in later belles lettres 441 3. Béranger. De Musset. Victor Hugo. Leconte de Lisle. The critics. The reactionists 442 4. Poetry in England. Shelley. Coleridge. The romantic movement. Scott. Byron. Keats 443 5. Charles Lamb 445 6. Carlyle. Mill. Froude 447 7. Orthodoxy and conformity. Bain's view of Carlyle, Macaulay, and Lyell 448 8. The literary influence. Ruskin. Arnold. Intellectual preponderance of rationalism 450 9. English fiction from Miss Edgeworth to the present time 451 10. Richard Jefferies 452 11. Poetry since Shelley 452 12. American belles lettres 453 13. Leopardi. Carducci. Kleist. Heine 454 14. Russian belles lettres 456 15. The Scandinavian States 457 Section 4.--The Natural Sciences