Chapter I (pages 3, 4, 12) - "arche" - alpha (with the soft-breathing mark), rho, chi, eta; "phloios" - phi, lambda, omicron, iota, omicron, final sigma. Chapter III (page 28) - "soma" - sigma, omega, mu, alpha; "sema" - sigma, eta, mu, alpha. Chapter IV (page 33, 34 - "doxa" - delta, omicron, xi, alpha; "Peri" - PI, epsilon, rho, iota; "Phueos" - PHI, upsilon, sigma, epsilon, omega, final sigma. Chapter V (page 48) - "logos" - lambda, omicron, gamma, omicron, final sigma; "hule" - upsilon with rough breathing mark, lambda, eta. CONTENTS CHAP. I.--THE SCHOOL OF MILETUS-- I. Thales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. Anaximander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 II.--THE SCHOOL OF MILETUS (_concluded_)-- III. Anaximenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 IV. Heraclitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 III.--PYTHAGORAS AND THE PYTHAGOREANS . . . . . . . . . 22 IV.--THE ELEATICS-- I. Xenophanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 II. Parmenides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 V.--THE ELEATICS (_concluded_)-- III. Zeno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 IV. Melissus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 VI.--THE ATOMISTS-- I. Anaxagoras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 VII.--THE ATOMISTS (_continued_)-- II. Empedocles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 VIII.--THE ATOMISTS (_concluded_)-- III. Leucippus and Democritus . . . . . . . . . . 74 IX.--THE SOPHISTS-- I. Protagoras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 X.--THE SOPHISTS (_concluded_)-- II. Gorgias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 XI.--SOCRATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 XII.--SOCRATES (concluded) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 XIII.--THE INCOMPLETE SOCRATICS-- I. Aristippus and the Cyrenaics . . . . . . . . 124 II. Antisthenes and the Cynics . . . . . . . . . 128 III. Euclides and the Megarics . . . . . . . . . . 132 XIV.--PLATO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 XV.--PLATO (_continued_) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 XVI.--PLATO (_continued_) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 XVII.--PLATO (_concluded_) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 XVIII.--ARISTOTLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 XIX.--ARISTOTLE (_continued_) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 XX.--ARISTOTLE (_concluded_) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 XXI.--THE SCEPTICS AND EPICUREANS . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 XXII.--THE STOICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 {1} CHAPTER I THE SCHOOL OF MILETUS _The question of Thales--Water the beginning of things--Soul in all things--Mystery in science--Abstraction and reality--Theory of development_