Produced by Barbara Kosker, Carl Hudkins, Jonathan Niehof (media provider) and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net By Henry D. Sedgwick A SHORT HISTORY OF ITALY. With Maps. Crown 8vo, _$2.00 net_. Postage 17 cents. FRANCIS PARKMAN. 16mo, _$1.10 net_. Postage 10 cents. _In American Men of Letters Series._ ESSAYS ON GREAT WRITERS. Crown 8vo, gilt top, _$1.50 net_. Postage, 13 cents. SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN. Small 16mo, 65 cents _net_. Postage, 6 cents. _In Riverside Biographical Series._ HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO. BOSTON AND NEW YORK. A SHORT HISTORY OF ITALY [Illustration: Map of Italy] A SHORT HISTORY OF ITALY (476-1900) BY HENRY DWIGHT SEDGWICK [Illustration] BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY The Riverside Press, Cambridge COPYRIGHT 1905 BY HENRY DWIGHT SEDGWICK ALL RIGHTS RESERVED _Published November 1905_ TO H. D. S., C. D. S., R. M. S., W. E. S., A. C. S., F. M. S., and T. S. _O passi graviora ... ... forsan et haec olim meminisse juvabit._ PREFACE This volume is a mere sketch in outline; it makes no pretence to original investigation, or even to an extended examination of the voluminous literature which deals with every part of its subject. It is an attempt to give a correct impression of Italian history as a whole, and employs details only here and there, and then merely for the sake of giving greater clearness to the general outline. So brief a narrative is mainly a work of selection; and perhaps no two persons would agree upon what to put in and what to leave out. I have laid emphasis upon the matters of greatest general interest, the Papacy, the Renaissance, and the Risorgimento; and my special object has been to put in high relief those achievements which make Italy so charming and so interesting to the world, and to give what space was possible to the great men to whom these achievements are due. H. D. S. NEW YORK, October 1, 1905. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. THE FALL OF THE EMPIRE IN THE WEST (476 A. D.) 1 II. THE OSTROGOTHS (489-553) 12 III. THE LOMBARD INVASION (568) 23 IV. THE CHURCH (568-700) 31 V. THE COMING OF THE FRANKS (726-768) 40 VI. CHARLEMAGNE (768-814) 49 VII. FROM CHARLEMAGNE TO NICHOLAS I (814-867) 57 VIII. THE DEGRADATION OF ITALY (867-962) 67 IX. THE REVIVAL OF THE PAPACY (962-1056) 79 X. THE STRUGGLE OVER INVESTITURES (1059-1123) 89 XI. TRADE AGAINST FEUDALISM (1152-1190) 102 XII. TRIUMPH OF THE PAPACY (1198-1216) 114