Benedetto da Maiano, 244. Benedict, see St. Benedict. Benevento, 28. Bentivoglio, in Bologna, 198. Berchet, 377. Bergamo, annexed to Venice, 224. Bernini, 351. Bisticci, Vespasiano da, 234. Black Death, see Plague of 1348. Boboli garden, 306. Boccaccio, 185; his account of Black Death, 209, 210. Boethius, 19. Boiardo, Matteo, 283. Bologna, jurists of, 110; university of, 177, 178; poetry in, 184; Bentivogli in, 198; subject to Papacy, 218; seized by Visconti, 227; recovered by Papacy, 228; visited by Montaigne, 324; school of (painting), 351, 352. Boniface VIII, Pope, 146; his character, 146; quarrel with the Colonna, 147; with Philip the Fair, 148; his papal theories, 148, 149; outraged, 150; death, 151. Bonifazio, 312. Bordone, Paris, 312. Borghese, Camillo, see Paul V, Pope. Borgia, Caesar, 272-275; employs Leonardo, 286; believed to have murdered his brother, 314; admired by Machiavelli, 314. Borgia, Lucrezia, 275. Borgia, Rodrigo, see Alexander VI, Pope. Borgia, son to Rodrigo, see Duke of Gandia. Botticelli, 245-247, 288. Bourbon, High Constable, 279. Bourbon, House of, 335, 339. Bramante, 256, 283, 285; in Rome, 287; designs St. Peter's, 289, 290. Brescia, captured by Henry VII, 157; annexed by Venice, 224; gallant defence of, 391. Brienne, Walter of, Duke of Athens, 229. Bronzino, 308, 309. Brunelleschi, 233, 235-237; and Donatello, anecdote of, 238, 239. Bruno, Giordano, 349. Burckhardt, 304; on Bandinelli, 308. Burgundy, 78. Byron, Lord, 372-375. Byzantine art, 188, 189. Cacciaguida, 180. Cambrai, League of, 224, 265, 266. Cambrai, treaty of, 293. Camorra, 294, 412. Campanella, 349. Canaletto, 352. Can Grande, see under Scala della. Canon law, see Church law. Canossa, 99. Cappello, Bianca, 327. Caracci, the, 309, 352. Caraffa, Cardinal, see Paul IV, Pope. Caravaggio, 309, 352. Carbonari, 369, 382. Cardinals, made papal electors, 91. Carducci, on Tasso, 310. Carissimi, 358. Carlo Alberto, 375, 376, 379, 380, 384, 385; war with Austria, 388; resigns his crown, 390. Carlo Dolci, 352. Carlo Felice, 375. Carlovingians, the, 44, 57, 58. Carlyle, on Mazzini, 382. Carmagnola, 228. Carnival, Roman, 330. Carpaccio, 312. Cassiodorus, 14. Castiglione, 281-283. Castillia, 370. Castracane, Castruccio, 200. Cateau-Cambresis, treaty of, 293, 296, 327. Catholic Reaction, see Catholic Revival. Catholic Revival, 297-302. Cavalcanti, 184. Cavaliere servente, 356. Cavour, 386, 387; policy of Church and State, 398; policy in Piedmont, 398; as to Crimean War, 398, 399; and Napoleon III, 399, 400; resigns, 401; recalled, 402; interference in Naples, 404; death, 406. Celibacy of clergy, 86. Cellini, 308, 316, 317. Certosa, at Pavia, 226, 227, 250. Cervantes, 297.