Charlemagne, blessed by Pope, 45; marriage, 50; Donation of, 50; European conquests, 51; titles, 53; person and character, 53; judges Pope, 55; receives gifts from Caliph, 55; coronation, 56; his Empire, 57; crowns his son, 59. Charles of Anjou, 144, 161, 162; visits Cimabue's studio, 189. Charles of Durazzo, 222. Charles V, Emperor, struggle with Francis I, 257; policy in Florence, 262, 263; marries daughter to Alessandro dei Medici, 263; inherits Two Sicilies, 264; crowned Emperor, 299; and Council of Trent, 300. Charles VIII, King of France, 256, 257, 259. Charles Martel, 44, 53. Chigi, see Alexander VII, Pope. Church, the (see also Papacy), causes of its rise, 8; orthodoxy, 10; relations with Empire, 16; during Lombard dominion, 31; imperial character, 32; sources of power, 32, 33. Church law, 65. Cicisbeismo, 356. Cimabue, 189. Cimarosa, 358. Cinquecento, the, 304-318. Ciompi, 229. Clare, St., see St. Clare. Classical revival, 201-208. Clement V, Pope, 151; dealings with Henry VII, 156. Clement VII, Pope, 262, 277, 278-280; crowns Charles V, 299. Clement IX, Pope, 346. Clergy, in Carlovingian times, 71. Cluny, monastic reform of, 85; its creed, 86; its effect, 88. Cola, di Rienzo, 206-208; dreams for Rome, 206; letter to Florentines, 207; his fall and death, 207. Colleoni, statue of, 247, 311. Colonia Erithrea, see Colony in Africa. Colonna, the, 76; quarrel with Boniface VIII, 146; Pope Martin V, 220; custom in their palace, 277, 278. Colonna, Sciarra, 150. Colony in Africa, 415. Columbanus, St., see St. Columbanus. Commedia dell'Arte, 355. Commines, Philippe de, on Venice, 265. Communes, government of, 163-165; prosperity of, 166 (see also Lombardy). Company, the Great, 212, 213. Concordat of Worms, 100. Condottieri, 212. Confalonieri, 370. Conradin, 143, 144. Consolations of Philosophy, 19. [Constance], wife of Henry VI, 113, 114, 117. Constance, Council of, 220, 221, 268. Constance, Peace of, 112. Constantine, 45; legend of Donation, 46, 47. Constantinople, 2, 25; captured by Crusaders, 118, 119; by Turks, 242, 243, 264. Consuls, 165. Conti, family, 135. Coronation of Emperors, 80; last in Italy, 299. Cosimo dei Medici, see under Medici. Cosimo I, Grand Duke, see under Medici. Counter-Reformation, see Catholic Revival. Courtier, Book of the, 284, 285. Cremona, 95; sacked by Henry VII, 157. Crescimbeni, 353. Crete, lost by Venice, 338. Crispi, as a young patriot, 402; with Garibaldi in Sicily, 403; his career, 414; in parliament, 414, 415. Crown of Lombardy, 80; assumed by Napoleon I, 365. Custoza, battle of, 389. Damian, see St. Peter Damian.