Prussia, war with Austria, 407; with France, 407. Pulci, 245. Quadrilateral, the, 388. Radetzky, Field Marshal, 387-390, 394. Raphael, 283, 285, 289; character, 290, 291; portrait of Julius II, 289; of Leo X, 292. Rattazzi, 406. Ravenna, 14, 21, 45, 71; Byzantine architecture in, 187; Malatesta in, 198; Lord Byron in, 372-375. Reformation, the, premonitions of, 219-222; coming of, 297. Reformation within the Church, see Catholic Revival. Renaissance, 231-251, 281-292. Renaissance, Early, 231-241. Renaissance, High, 281-292; its close, 304. Revolution, French (of 1789), 361, 364. Revolution, French (of 1830), 379. Ribera, 352. Ricasoli, Bettino, 401, 406. Riccardi palace, 233, 244. Rienzi, see Cola di Rienzo. Robbia, della, Andrea, 244. Robbia, della, Luca, 241. Romagna, the, 379. Roman Curia (papal Curia), denounced by Frederick II, 138, 139; its venality, 219; policy, 221; difficulties and cleverness, 269-270; object of satire and invective, 274, 275; and art, 288. Roman Empire (see also Holy Roman Empire, and Eastern Empire), its extent, 1; character, 2; luxurious life, 4; unity, 7; its condition while at Constantinople, 25; in popular imagination, 51, 52; relations with Papacy, 59; its revival by Pope Leo and Charlemagne, 56; end of Carlovingian revival, 58; revival by Otto the Great as the Holy Roman Empire, 77, 78. Roman gentleman, life of, 4. Roman people, antagonism to Papacy, 60; local politics of, 67; savageness, 68. Rome, its splendour, 2; fall, 5; Christian, 9; Theodoric's visit, 14; relation to the Empire, 53; parties in, 133, 134; no despotism in, 194; reduced to papal obedience, 268; sack by Bourbon's army, 279, 280; in High Renaissance, 288; visited by Montaigne, 328-331; compared with Venice as to freedom, 328, 329; riots in, 390; Republic declared, 390; defends itself against French, 391-394; Roman question, 405; occupied by Italian troops, 407; becomes seat of national government, 408. Romulus Augustulus, 1. Roncaglia, diet of, 110, 111. Rospigliosi, see Clement IX, Pope. Rosselli, 288. Rossellino, Antonio, 244. Rossetti, 377. Rossi, Pellegrino, murdered, 390. Rossini, 358. Rovere, della, Francesco, see Sixtus IV, Pope. Rovere, della, Giuliano, see Julius II, Pope. Rovere, della, family, dukes of Urbino, 303. Rovigo, visited by Montaigne, 323. Rule of St. Benedict, 34. Rule of St. Francis, 132. Ruskin on Bronzino, 309. St. Benedict, 33, 34. St. Clare, 130. St. Columbanus, 36, 37. Sta. Croce, church of, 188. St. Francis, 125-132. St. Francis de Sales, 345. St. Francis Xavier, 345. St. Jerome on destruction of Rome, 5. St. John Lateran, church of, in Innocent's dream, 126; Henry VII crowned in, 159. Sta. Maria degli Angeli, 129, 306. Sta. Maria del Carmine, 240, 248.