Petrarch, 185; leader of Classical Revival, 203, 204; coronation of, 204; great reputation, 205; enthusiasm for Cola di Rienzo, 206, 207; on the Black Death, 210; on mercenary soldiers, 213, 214; goes to Milan, 215; invectives against Roman Curia, 274. Philip, Imperial claimant, 120. Philip, the Fair, King of France, quarrel with Boniface VIII, 148-150. Piacenza, 95; heretics in, 125; buildings in, 305; visited by Montaigne, 333. Piazza Navona, 351. Piccinni, 358. Piccolomini, AEneas Sylvius, see Pius II, Pope. Pico, della Mirandola, 245. Piedmont, becomes important part of duchy of Savoy, 296; visited by Montaigne, 334; becomes chief part of duchy of Savoy, 343; prior to 1789, 361; takes action against France, 365; on restoration of king, 367; uprising in, 375, 376; in 1848, 386; war with Austria, 388; defeated, 389; also at Novara, 390; left alone to maintain Italian cause, 394; the hope of Italy, 397; in Crimean War, 399; war with Austria, 400. Pier della Vigna, 141, 143. Pietro Aretino, 315, 316. Pilo, Rosalino, 402. Pinturicchio, 288. Pippin, King, deposes Merovingians, 44; crowned by Pope Zacharias, 45; and the Papacy, 49; death, 50. Pippin, Donation of, 45, 50. Pisa, 70; prosperity of, 104; Ghibelline, 133; loyal to Henry VII, 159; regulations concerning nobles, 168; war with Genoa, 169; crushing defeat by Genoa, 170; baptistery, 186; loss in Black Death, 210; seized by Milan, 227; by Florence, 228; Campo Santo, 244. Pisa, Council of, 219. Pisani, Vettor (Venetian admiral), 224. Pisano, Giovanni, 187. Pisano, Niccolo, 186; at Siena, 187. Pitti Palace, designed by Brunelleschi, 236; occupied by Cosimo I, 294; picture gallery in, 295; opera in, 357. Pius II, Pope, AEneas Sylvius Piccolomini, 288. Pius IV, Pope (Giovanni Angelo Medici), founder of Modern Papacy, 301, 302. Pius IX, Pope, 383, 384; takes part in war against Austria, 388; his scruples, 389; army captured, 389; flees from Rome, 390; reactionary, 396; bad government of, 397; and Temporal Power, 405; extreme conservatism, 409, 410; prisoner in Vatican, 410; refuses subsidy, 411. Plague of 1348 (Black Death), 209-211. Plato, 242, 243, 248. Platonic Academy, 243. Platonic ideas, 282, 283, 285. Plutarch, 255. Podesta, 165. Poerio, Carlo, 395, 396. Poetry, in Sicily, 141; in Bologna and Tuscany, 184. Poggio a Caiano, 244, 309. Polenta, da, the, in Ravenna, 198. Poliziano, 245. Pollaiuolo, Antonio, 244. Pontormo, 308, 309. Pontremoli, 333. Popes, see Papacy, Papal States, and individual Popes. Pordenone, Giov. Ant. da, 312. Portiuncula, 129-131, 306. Pratolino, 326. Prigioni, Le Mie (of Silvio Pellico), 370-372, 382. Prince, The, by Machiavelli, 314, 315. Promessi, Sposi, I, by Manzoni, 377. Provence, Albigensian crusade, 123.