Spain, 37; invasions by, 253, 254; acquires Milan, 257; Naples, 263, 264; predominant in Italy, 276; secure hold, 293; government in Milan, 294; in Naples and Sicily, 294. Spanish Steps, the, in Rome, 351, 360. Spielberg prison, 371. Spoleto, a Lombard duchy, 28, 69; visited by Montaigne, 331. Stradivarius, 359. Strozzi palace, in Florence, 244, 245. Summa Theologiae, of Thomas Aquinas, 178. Tasso, Torquato, on the Book of the Courtier, 284; life, 309, 310; seen by Montaigne, 324. Theodora, 75, 76. Theodoric, the Ostrogoth, 12; victory over Odoacer, 13; difficulties, 13; policy, 14; visit to Rome, 14; dealings with Empire, 15; with Church, 17; breach with Church, 20; death, 20. Thomas Aquinas, see St. Thomas Aquinas. Tiepolo, 352. Tintoretto, 312. Titian, 312. Totila, 21, 22. Trade, spirit of, 103; with North and East, 166, 167; impediments to, 167, 168. Trent, Council of, 300-302. Trevi, fountain of, 351, 360. Turin, 334, 375. Turks, capture Constantinople, 264; conquer parts of Venetian Empire, 297; wars with Venice, 338, 339. Tuscany, 69; a marquisate, 94; a Grand Duchy, 303; visited by Montaigne, 325-327; passes to Austrian dukes on failure of Medicean line, 342; prior to 1739, 363; restoration in, after Napoleon's fall, 367; takes part in war against Austria, 388; defeated, 389; Grand Duke runs away, 390; returns, 391; subservient to Austria, 397; runs away again, 401; united with Piedmont in Kingdom of Italy, 401, 402. Two Sicilies, Kingdom of (see also Sicily and Naples), 93; under Manfred, 143; conquered by Charles of Anjou, 144; absolute monarchy, 193, 194; united under Alfonso of Aragon, 223; fall apart on his death, 263; pass to Charles V, 264; 1494-1516, 263, 264; unites with Kingdom of Italy, 405. Uffizi palace, in Florence, 294; picture gallery, 295. Ugolino, see Gregory IX, Pope. Universities, 177; of Bologna, 177, 178. Urban VI, Pope, 218. Urban VIII, Pope, 346. Urbino, 249; library at, 251; society in, 282, 283; absorbed by Papacy, 295; visited by Montaigne, 332. Utrecht, treaty of, 341. Uzzano, Niccolo da, 230. Vandals, 5, 21. Vasari, on Brunelleschi, 235, 236; on Donatello, 238, 239; on Masaccio, 240; on Leonardo, 285, 286; on Raphael, 290, 291; himself, 306. Vatican Council, 410. Vatican library, 252. Vatican palace, 252, 287, 288, 290.