Venice, 70; origin, 105; character, 105, 106; trade, 106, 107; Barbarossa and Alexander III at, 112; Fourth Crusade, 118, 119; isolation, 170; government, 171; patricians, 171; wars with Genoa, 172; Great Council, 172; oligarchy, 172; about 1350, 202; growth, 223; wars with Genoa, 224; four stages, 224; oligarchy in control, 225; tranquillity, 226; 1453-1508, 264-266; League of Cambrai, 265, 266; wars with Turks, 297; Lepanto, 297; the Carita, 307; fine arts, 310-313; visited by Montaigne, 322, 323; freedom compared with that in Rome, 328, 329; 1580-1789, 335-339; quarrel with Papacy, 336, 337; wars with Turks, 338, 339; conquers the Morea, 338; opera in, 357; music in, 359; prior to 1789, 362; extinction of Republic, 365; given to Austria, 367; in 1848, a Republic again, 387, 388; jealous of Piedmont, 389; surrenders to Austria, 394; united to Italy, 407. Verona, emotional peace of, 176, 177; description of, 194; under Scaligers, 195-198; seized by Venice, 224; temporarily under Milan, 227; taken by Venice, 228; claimed by empire, 265; visited by Montaigne, 320. Veronese, Paolo, 312. Verrocchio, 244, 247; Leonardo's master, 286. Vicenza, conquered by Can Grande, 195, 196; buildings in, 306, 307; visited by Goethe, 307; by Montaigne, 321. Vico, 349, 350. Victor Emmanuel, see Vittorio Emanuele II. Vienna, Congress of, 366, 367. Vienna, Peace of, 341. Vignola, Giacomo Barozzi da, 305, 306. Villa Borghese, 351. Villa di Papa Giulio, 306. Villa Medici, 351. Villani, Giovanni, on Boniface VIII, 146; on Dante, 152, 153; on Florence, 182, 183; death, 211. Vinci, Leonardo da, 256, 285-287. Visconti, House of, despots of Milan, 198, 199; aided by Henry VII, 198; their ambitions, 199; about 1350, 202; their despotism, 215, 216; end of, 250. Visconti, Bernabo, 215, 216. Visconti, Bianca Maria, 229. Visconti, Filippo Maria, 228; death, 250. Visconti, Galeazzo II, 216. Visconti, Gian Galeazzo, 216; career, 226; buildings, 226; death, 227. Visconti, Giovanni (Archbishop), 215. Visigoths, 5. Vittorio Emanuele I, 375. Vittorio Emanuele II, 390; character, 397, 398; French alliance and Austrian War, 400, 401; hailed King of Italy by Garibaldi, 404; alliance with Prussia, 407; war with Austria, 407; enters Venice, 407; takes possession of Rome, 407, 408; death, 413. Vittorio Emanuele III, 416. Volta, 362. War of Polish Succession, 340, 341. War of Spanish Succession, 340, 341. Werner, duke, 213. Worms, diet of, 278. Wyclif, 220. Young Italy, 381. Zacharias, Pope, 44. Zara, captured by Crusaders, 118. Zeno, Carlo, 224.