Cambridge, University of, the friars at, 252, 405. Campeggio, Cardinal, the divorce proceedings of Henry VIII. and, 294. Capraria, Rutilius and Ambrose on island of, 126. Capuchins, 246. Carlyle, Thomas, on Mahomet, 33; quotes Jocelin on Abbot Samson's election, 145; on the twelfth century, 157; on the monastic ideal, 174; on Jesuitical obedience, 271; views of, criticised, 278. Carmelites, 246. Carthusians, The, establishment of, 188; famous monastery of, 189; rules of, 189; in England, 191, 334. _See_ Charterhouse. Cassiodorus, the literary labors of, 152. Casuistry, of the Jesuits, 272; 429. Catacombs, visited by Jerome, 87. Catharine, of Aragon, Henry's divorce from, 293. Catholic, Roman, _see_ Rome, Church of. Celibacy, praised by Jerome and Augustine, 112; views of Helvidius on, opposed by Jerome, 113; the struggle to establish sacerdotal, 183; Lingard on, 183; Lea on, 184; vow of, 380; and Scripture teaching, 381; early Fathers on, 381; a modern ecclesiastic's reasons for, 381; how vow of, came to be imposed, 382; no special virtue in, 419. Cellani, Peter, Dominic retires to house of, 238; Celtic Church, _see_ Britain. Cenobites, meaning of term, 425; origin of, in the East, 57; habits of early, 58; aims of, 60. Chalcis, desert of, 87. Chaldea, asceticism in, 20. Chalippe, Father Candide, on miracles of saints, 224. Channey, Maurice, on fall of the Charterhouse, 302. Channing, William E., on various manifestations of the ascetic spirit, 385; on exaggerations of monasticism, 415. Chapter, The, defined, 144; of Mats, 228. Chapuys, despatches of, to Charles V., 297. Charity, of monks, 348, 410; true and false, 348, 412; Bernard, Jacob of Vitry and Lecky on abuses of, 411; as a passport to Heaven, 411. Charlemagne, 118. Charles V., Emperor, Pole writes to, 296; Chapuy's despatches to, 297. Charterhouse, of London, 191; execution of monks of, 301, 334; and the progress of England, 343. _See_ Carthusians. Chartreuse, Grand, monastery, 189. Chastity, vow of, in Pachomian rule, 61. _See_ Celibacy. China, asceticism in, 20. Chinese monks, Father Bury on, 20. Christ, _see_ Jesus Christ. Christian clergy, character of, in the fourth century, 77. Christian ideal, tending toward fanaticism, 129. Christian discipleship, nature of true, 390. Christianity, asceticism and apostolic, 27, 28, 31; conquers Roman empire, 71, 76; endangered by success, 77; in Rome in the fourth century, 79; Lord on same, 80; is opposed to fanaticism, 94; in ancient Britain, 123, 161, 162; Clarke on, 171; Mozoomdar on essential principle of, 359; requires some sort of self-denial, 390, 418, 419; monasticism and, compared, 420; monasticism furnishes example of, 422. _See_ Britain and Church. Chrysostom, becomes an ascetic, 84; brief account of life of, 116; monastic cause furthered by, 117. Church, Christian, the triumphant, compared with church in age of persecution, 109;