Ideal, monastie, 354. _See_ Monasticism. Ignatius, St., _see_ Loyola. Independence, Jesuitism and personal, 270; of thought, renounced by monks, 394. _See_ Freedom, Liberty. India, asceticism in, 18, 357. India, monasticism in, 18, 357, 358; causes of same, 355. Individual, influence of the, 91; effect of self-sacrifice upon the, 390; effect of solitude upon the, 393. Industry, modern, not to be despised, 420. Innocent, Pope, III., 216, 234, 239, 242; IV., 250; VIII., 339. Inquisition, The Holy, the Albigensian crusade and, 233; relation of Dominicans toward, 235; its establishment and management, 238. Intellectual progress, monasticism opposed to true, 407; in Europe, 409. Introspection, evil effects of morbid, 392. Iona, Monastery of, 168. Ireland, St. Patrick labors in, 123; monasteries of, as centers of culture, 169. Isidore, the hermit, visits Rome, 72. Itineracy, substituted for seclusion in cloister, 244. J Jacob of Vitry, on abuses of charity, 411. James, the Apostle, quoted on rich men, 377. Jerome, St., his life of Paul of Thebes, 35; on Pachomian monks, 59; his letter to Rusticus, 59; on solitude, 61; on number of Egyptian monks, 63; on clergy of the fourth and fifth centuries, 77; in his cell, 85; Schaff on, 86; his birth and early life, 86; his travels, and austerities, 87, 92; organizes monastic brotherhood, 88; his literary labors, 88; glorifies desert life, 89; influences Rome, 91; his temptations, 93; his fondness for the classics, 95; his biographies of Roman nuns, 96; his life of St. Paula, 97, and of Marcella, 102; on folly of Roman women, 108; on marriage and celibacy, 112; on household duties, 113; attacks the foes of monks, 127; on vices of monks, 128; on monastic aim, 360; on the natural, 366. Jesuits, _see_ Jesus, The Society of. Jesuits, The Pagan, 22, 426. Jesus Christ, the Essenes and, 26; quoted by early ascetics, 31, and by Jerome, 92; teachings of, used by monks, 366, 376; his doctrine of wealth, 377; his attitude toward rich men, 379; the doctrine of the cross and, 418. Jesus, The Society of, Sherman on nature of, 258; rejects seclusion, 258; Bishop Keane on, 259, 273; how differs from other monastic communities, 259; founded by Loyola, 264; constitution and polity of, 265; grades of members of, 265; vow of obedience in, 266; von Hoensbroech on, 268; confession in, 269; Carlyle on obedience in, 271; casuistry of, 272, 429; its doctrine of probabilism, 274; the Roman Church and, 275; Roman foes of, 276; mission of, 276; its attitude toward Reformation, 277; the Thirty Years' War and, 277; calumnies against, 279; Clement XIV. dissolves, 279; expulsion of, from Europe, 279; missionary labors of, 280; Parkman contrasts, with Puritans, 281; failure of, 283; restoration of, 283; causes for rise of, 374; hostility of, to free government, 402; liberal education opposed by, 409.