Neander, compares Jovinian to Luther, 127; on the dreams of Francis, 209. Newman, Cardinal, on Benedict's mission, 149. Nicholas, St., Monastery of, 240. Normans, The, and the alien priories, 341. Novitiate, Benedictine, extended by Gregory, 160; of the Jesuits, 260, 269. _See_ various orders. Nun, _see_ Women. Nunneries, origin of, 106. O Obedience, vow of, in Pachomian rule, 61; enforced by Basil, 66; among the Jesuits, 266; Loyola on, 267; Dom Guigo on, 383; its value and its abuses, 384. Observantines, 246. Oliphant, Mrs., on the temptations of Francis, 218; on the stigmata, 222. Origen, on Christianity in Britain, 123. Oswald, aids Dunstan in reforms, 186. Oxford University, friars enter, 251; founded by monks, 406. P Pachomius, St., 32; birth and early life of, 58. Pachomian Monks, rules of, 58; vows, 61; their number and spread, 63. Pagan philosophy powerless to save Rome, 76. Palgrave on the miter, 400. Pamplona, Ignatius wounded at siege of, 262. Parkman, Francis, on the Puritans and the Jesuits, 281; on the Roman Church, 386. Parliament of Religions, World's Fair, views of asceticism at the, 357, 358. Paris, University of, 249, 406. Paschal II., Pope, the gift of Cluny, 178. Patrick, St., 122; labors in Ireland, 123; was he a Romanist? 162. Paul, The Apostle, on asceticism, 27. Paul III., Pope, excommunicates Henry VIII., 306. Paul of Thebes, Jerome's life of, 35; his early life, 36; visited by Anthony, 37; his death, 40; effect of his biography on the times, 42. Paula, St., Jerome on death of, 98, 101; her austerities and charities, 98, 100; separates from her children, 98; her monasteries at Bethlehem, 100; inscription on her tombstone, 102; faints at her daughter's funeral, 125. Paulinus, embraces ascetic Christianity, 84. Peter, The Apostle, marriage of, 115. Peter the Venerable, 178. Petrarch, Mabie on, and the classics, 408. Peyto, Friar, denounces Henry VIII., 296: Philanthropy, spirit of, kept alive by monks, 412. _See_ Charity. Philip IV., King, of France, his charges against the Knights, 202. Phillips, Wendell, on the reading of history, 386. Philo, on the Essenes, 23; on the Therapeutæ, 27. Philosophy, ascetic influence of Greek, 21; Gnostic, 27; Pagan, and fall of Rome, 76. Pike, Luke Owen, on the character of Henry VIII., 290; on the lawlessness of monks, 336. Pilgrims of Grace, 326; their demands and overthrowal, 327. Pillar Saints, 51. Plague, Black, and the monks, 410. Plato, ascetic teachings of, 22. Pliny, on the Essenes, 25. Pole, Reginald, on Henry VIII. and Rome, 295. Politics, not to be despised, 420. Portus, inn at, 105. Potitianus, affected by Anthony's biography, 83. Poverty, vow of, in Pachomian rule, 61; Franciscans quarrel over, 246; and the Scriptures, 376. Preaching Friars, _see_ Dominicans, Franciscans and Mendicants. Pride, spiritual, of monks, 395. Probabilism, doctrine of, 274. Protestantism, effect of, upon monasticism, 286;