guilty of persecution, 332; and the Church of England, 340; its real value to England, 346; its religious ideal, 356. Putnam, on the rule of St. Benedict, 139; on Cassiodorus, 153; on the first quarrel over copyright, 170. Pythagoras, asceticism of, 21, 426. R Reade, Charles, on the monk's flight from the world, 368. Reading, the monks of, their pious frauds, 318. Recluses, _see_ Hermits. Reformed Orders, 173. Reform, monastic, 173, 205; fails to stop decline of monasteries, 196, 207, 286; demanded by popes, 286; failure of, 336. _See_ Monasticism. Reformation, The Protestant, furthered by certain Franciscans, 247; relation of Mendicants to, 248; the Jesuits and, 277; 278, 283; in England, its character, and results, 345,346; and the monastic life, 374. Relics, fraudulent, 128, 318. Religion, monasticism and, 18, 412; influence of feelings and opinions, 354; enthusiasm for, fostered by monks, 413; the sense of sin, 414; salvation, 417; the distinction between the secular and the religious, 418, 420; the doctrine of the cross, 418; essence of, 419; true, possible outside of convents, 421. Religious houses, _see_ Monasteries. Renunciation of the world, 358, 369. _See_ Self-denial. Rice, Ap, a Royal Commissioner, 311. Riches, _see_ Wealth. Richard II., confiscates alien priories, 338. Robertson, F. W., on excessive austerities, 94. Rome, Church of, her claims respecting the early British Church, 162; writers of, on the stigmata, 223; her relation to the Jesuits, 275, and the English people, 294, 341; martyrs of, 332; writers of, on the fall of monasteries, 334, 335; England separates from, 342; her religious ideal, 356; Parkman on, 386; Macaulay on, 403. _See_ Henry VIII. Rome, Monasticism introduced in, 71; social and religious state of, in the fourth century, 72, 74; Dill on causes of the fall of, 74; classes of society in, 75; Farrar on luxury of, 75; epigram of Silvianus, 76; Kingsley on ruin of, 78; Jerome on sack of, by Alaric, 103. _See_ Jerome. Roman Empire, nominally Christian, 73;. its impending doom, 73, 367. Romanus, a monk, 131. Royalty, affected by monasticism, 179. Rules, monastic, the first, 58; before Benedict, 107; of Augustine, 118; of St. Benedict, 138, 139, 147, 151, 158; of Dom Guigo, 189; of St. Francis, 226. _See_ Celibacy, Poverty, Obedience. Ruskin, on St. Hugh of Lincoln, 189. Rusticus, a monk, 59. Rutilius, on the monks, 126. S