One word more before leaving this subject. Literature has not until recently enjoyed that degree of attention from the public press of Pittsburgh which it deserves. It ought to be the concern of every human unit in the nation to receive honest guidance in the development of literature; for literature, once again, is the written record of thought and action. Mobs will melt away when the units in the mob begin to think, and they will think when they read. Then will the law be paramount, and then will our institutions be safe. Thousands of our serious people annually subscribe for literary reviews of one kind or another in order that they may follow the rapid expansion of the written record of the thought and action of the world, when the whole department might be covered so admirably by our daily newspapers. Should not the newspaper give each household practically all it needs in criticism and information outside of the printed books themselves? How easily we could spare some of the glaring and exaggerated headlines over the daily record of crime, misconduct, and false leadership, which inflame the mind and the passions with evil fire, and how joyfully we would welcome instead an intelligent, conscientious, comprehensive, discriminating, piquant--in short, a masterful discussion from day to day of the written record of the thought and action of the world as unfolded in its statesmanship, its oratory, its education, its heroism, and its literature. [Illustration: Allegheny Observatory, University of Pittsburgh] XI And so my little story of Pittsburgh comes to an end. It is the story of a great achievement in the building of a city, and the development of a community within its boundaries. I have sometimes heard a sneer at Pittsburgh as a place where undigested wealth is paramount. I have never beheld the city in that character. On the contrary, I have, on frequent occasions, seen the assemblage of men native here where a goodly section of the brain and power of the nation was represented. There is much wealth here, but the dominant spirit of those who have it is not a spirit of pride and luxury and arrogance. There is much poverty here, but it is the poverty of hope which effort and opportunity will transform into affluence. And especially is there here a spirit of good fellowship, of help one to another, and of pride in the progress of the intellectual life. And with all of these comes a growth toward the best civic character which in its aggregate expression is probably like unto the old Prophet's idea of that righteousness which exalteth a nation. [Illustration: Phipps Conservatory, Schenley Park] INDEX Adams, Gabriel, Mayor, 51 Alexander, John W., 91, 106 Allegheny, made county-seat, 40; county-seat changed to Pittsburgh, 40; annexed to Pittsburgh, 52 Allegheny Cemetery, 90 Allegheny County, erection of, 40; iron and steel products of, 84 Allegheny Observatory, 84, 99 Allegheny River improved, 82