Horn, 119 Huesca, 25 Huns, 36 Iberia, 2, 6 Ides of March, 27 Ionian, 9 Isabella I, 12, 96, 100, 102, 108, 109, 110, 130 Isabella II, 150, 151, 152 Isabella de Bourbon, 125 Isabel of Portugal, 114 Isaiah, 13 Islam, 59, 64 Jamaica, 128, 129 James II, 131, 132 Janizaries, 158 Jesuits, 136 Jezebel, 12 Joanna, 109, 110 John of Gaunt, 96, 97 Jose Marti, 157 Joseph Bonaparte, 143 Juan II, 100, 102 Juntas, 143 Karl, Archduke of Austria, 132, 133 Kelts, 4 Keltiberians, 5, 15, 22 Khalif, 65, 66, 75-77 Koran, 60 Kossuth, 151 Lee, 159 Leo X, 111 Leon, 79, 81, 94 Leopold, 132 Leovigild, 43 Lira, 24 Lorraine, 129 Louis IX, 90 Louis XIII, 125 Louis XIV, 127, 128, 131, 132, 133, 134 Louis XV, 140 Louisiana, 139 Lucan, 29 Luther, 114, 116 Madrid, Treaty of, 139 Magellan, 114 Mahdi, 85 Maine, 159 Manila, 138, 160 Maria Theresa, 127, 132 Marie de' Medici, 125 Marius, 23, 24 Marlborough, 133 Martian, 29 Martinez Campos, 158 Mary Tudor, 117, 118 Maximilian, 109, 111 Mazzini, 153 Mercedes, 154 Mexico, 20, 112, 137 Milan, 135 Minorca, 135 Mississippi, 138 Mithridates, 25 Monroe, 147 Moor, 56 Moriscos, 126, 128 Moscow, 143 Montpensier, Duke de, 152, 154 Munda, 26 Murillo, 52 Mur-Viedo, 16 Musa, 52 Naples, 135 Napoleon, 139, 142 Navarre, 79, 94 Nelson, 142 Ne plus ultra, 18 Nero, 29, 73 Netherlands, 115, 119, 120, 128, 135 New Orleans, 139 Nineveh, 7 Noah, 7 Numantia, 24 Octavius Augustus, 23 Olivier, 70 Omeyads, 66, 67, 72, 74 Opus Majus, 87 Ordono I, 79 Osca, 25 Ostrogoths, 36 Paladins, 70 Pedro, 83, 95 Pelagius, 64 Pelasgians, 30, 88 Peru, 20, 112, 137 Petronius, 73 Phenicia, 91 Philip II, 161 Philip III, 125, 126, 127 Philip IV, 127, 128 Philip V, 33, 134, 133 Philippi, 27 Philippines, 137, 138, 156, 158, 160 Pillars of Hercules, 18, 82 Pizzarro, 112 Placidia, 33 Plutarch, 24 Pompey, 25, 26 Ponce de Leon, 112 Portugal, 94, 102, 109 Pragmatic Sanction, 151 Pretender, 132 Protestantism, 115, 118, 119 Punic, 11, 14, 16 Quebec, 138 Quintilian, 29 Ramiro I, 79 Recared, 46 Reconcentrados, 159 Reformation, 114 Richelieu, 131 Roderick, 51, 54, 56, 107 Roland, 70, 71 Rome, 13 Roncesvalles, 13 Saguntum, 9, 16 Sahara, 2 Salic Law, 150 Saracen, 61, 62, 63 Santiago de Cuba, 160 Sardinia, 11, 14, 135 Scipio, 19, 22 Seneca, 29 Seville, 88, 89 Sidon, 7, 12 Spanish Succession, War of, 33 Spartans, 30 St. Augustine, 129 St. Bartholomew, 119 Stuart, House of, 131 Suevi, 31 Sylla, 23, 24 Syrian, 7 Tarif, 53 Tarshish, 10, 13 Toledo, 45, 65 Torquemada, 103 Trafalgar, 142 Troy, 9 Tubal, 4 Tyre, 7, 13 Ulfilas, 39