The foundation and growth of newspapers first published periodically, and finally each day, created a demand for machines which should print with rapidity, and fine work was delegated for the time being to the flat bed and platen press, most of it, as has been seen, being turned out upon the hand press. The credit of actually introducing into use a flat bed Cylinder Press is due to a Saxon named Friederich Koenig, who visited England in 1806, and through the assistance of Thomas Bensley, a printer in London, devised a machine which in 1812-1813 was worked by him, and printed, among other publications, a part of “Clarkson’s Life of William Penn.” Koenig was assisted by a mechanic named Andrew Bauer, a fellow-countryman. The form of type was placed on a flat bed, the cylinder above it having a three-fold motion, or stopping three times; the first third of the turn receiving the sheet upon one of the tympans and securing it by the frisket; the second giving the impression and allowing the sheet to be removed by hand, and the third returning the tympan empty to receive another sheet. These men also devised what has proved, even to this day, to be a most efficient reciprocating motion of the type bed. It consists of a pinion carried on the inner end of a long shaft which is turned by gearing from the outside of the press frame and has in its length a universal joint, allowing an up-and-down motion of the pinion as it revolves. To the outer end of the shaft the wheel connecting with the impression cylinder is attached. Underneath the bed and fastened to it is a “rack,” or a row of teeth, with a crescent-shaped segment of hard metal at each end. In this rack, in addition to the teeth, are pins, or studs, at each end. The wheel before referred to, at the outer end of the shaft, being set in motion revolves the pinion and moves the bed by means of the teeth in this rack. At the proper moment, calling for the reversal of the bed, the pinion turns around over one of the pins or studs, against the segment on the rack, and immediately re-engages its teeth in the opposite side of the rack, so carrying the bed back again. This motion is repeated at the opposite end of the rack, and the bed again stopped and returned by the pinion revolving against the segment and again over the rack, thus giving a reciprocating motion to the bed.