The purchase of Louisiana and the early development of the West are leading points in this period. With the latter must be coupled the important inventions which made such development possible. Commercial questions should receive adequate attention and should be illustrated by present conditions. Jefferson's attitude toward both the Louisiana Purchase and the enforcement of the Embargo Act is an illustration of the effect which power and responsibility have on those placed at the head of the government. This can also be illustrated by events in our own time. IX WAR AND PEACE, 1812-1829 Books for Study and Reading References.--Higginson's _Larger History, _365-442; Scribner's _Popular History, _IV; Lossing's _Field-Book of the War of 1812; _Coffin's _Building the Nation, _149-231. Home Readings.--Barnes's _Yankee Ships; _Roosevelt's _Naval War of 1812; _Seawell's _Midshipman Paulding; _Holmes's _Old Ironsides; _Goodwin's _Dolly Madison._ CHAPTER 25 THE SECOND WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, 1812 1815 [Sidenote: American plan of campaign, 1812.] [Sidenote: Objections to it.] 260. Plan of Campaign, 1812.--The American plan of campaign was that General Hull should invade Canada from Detroit. He could then march eastward, north of Lake Erie, and meet another army which was to cross the Niagara River. These two armies were to take up the eastward march and join a third army from New York. The three armies then would capture Montreal and Quebec and generally all Canada. It was a splendid plan. But there were three things in the way of carrying it out: (i) there was no trained American army; (2) there were no supplies for an army when gathered and trained; and (3) there was a small, well-trained and well-supplied army in Canada. [Illustration: DETROIT, ABOUT 1815.] [Sidenote: Hull's march to Detroit.] [Sidenote: His misfortunes.] [Sidenote: He surrenders Detroit, 1812.] 261. Hull's Surrender of Detroit, 1812.--In those days Detroit was separated from the settled parts of Ohio by two hundred miles of wilderness. To get his men and supplies to Detroit, Hull had first of all to cut a road through the forest. The British learned of the actual declaration of war before Hull knew of it. They dashed down on his scattered detachments and seized his provisions. Hull sent out expedition after expedition to gather supplies and bring in the scattered settlers. Tecumthe and the other Indian allies of the British captured one expedition after another. The British advanced on Detroit, and Hull surrendered. By this disaster the British got control of the upper lakes. They even invaded Ohio. [Illustration: PERRY'S BATTLE FLAG.] [Sidenote: Battle of Lake Erie 1813. McMaster, 234-235.] [Sidenote: Battle of the Thames, 1813.]