_a_. Select some one invention between 1790 and 1835, describe it, explain the need for it, and the results which have followed from it. _b_. The Erie Canal. _c_. The career of Webster, Clay, or Calhoun. _d_. Life and works of any one of the literary men of this period. _e_. The Ashburton Treaty, with a map. SUGGESTIONS TO THE TEACHER The personality of Andrew Jackson, representing as he does a new element in social and political life, deserves a careful study. The financial policy of his administration is too difficult for children. With brief comparisons with present-day conditions the study of this subject can be confined to what is given in the text. Jackson's action at the time of the nullification episode may well be compared with Buchanan's inaction in 1860-61. The constitutional portions of Webster's great speeches are too hard for children, but his burning words of patriotism may well be learned by the whole class. The spoils system may be lightly treated here. It can best be studied in detail later in connection with civil service reform. [Illustration: THE UNITED STATES IN 1859.] XI SLAVERY IN THE TERRITORIES, 1844-1859 Books for Study and Reading References.--Scribner's _Popular History_, IV; _McMaster's_ _With the Fathers_, Coffin's _Building the Nation_, 314-324. Home Readings.--Wright's _Stories of American Progress_; Bolton's _Famous Americans_; Brooks's _Boy Settlers_; Stowe's _Uncle Tom's Cabin_; Lodge's _Webster_. CHAPTER 31 BEGINNING OF THE ANTISLAVERY AGITATION [Sidenote: Antislavery sentiments of the Virginians.] [Sidenote: Slavery in the far South.] [Sidenote: _Source-book_, 244-248, 251-260.] 323. Growth of Slavery in the South.--South of Pennsylvania and of the Ohio River slavery had increased greatly since 1787 (p. 136). Washington, Jefferson, Henry, and other great Virginians were opposed to the slave system. But they could find no way to end it, even in Virginia. The South Carolinians and Georgians fought every proposition to limit slavery. They even refused to come into the Union unless they were given representation in Congress for a portion at least of their slaves. And in the first Congress under the Constitution they opposed bitterly every proposal to limit slavery. Then came Whitney's invention of the cotton gin. That at once made slave labor vastly more profitable in the cotton states and put an end to all hopes of peaceful emancipation in the South. [Sidenote: Proposal to end slavery with compensation.] [Sidenote: The _Liberator_.]