768. Pepin died. 771. Charlemagne sole king. 774. Charlemagne conquered Lombardy. 786. Haroun-al-Raschid Abbasid Caliph in Bagdad (to 809). 795. Leo III became Pope (to 816). 800. Leo crowned Charlemagne Emperor of the West. 802. Egbert, formerly an English refugee at the court of Charlemagne, established himself as King of Wessex. 810. Krum of Bulgaria defeated and killed the Emperor Nicephorus. 814. Charlemagne died. 828. Egbert became first King of England. 843. Louis the Pious died, and the Carlovingian Empire went to pieces. Until 962 there was no regular succession of Holy Roman Emperors, though the title appeared intermittently. 850. About this time Rurik (a Northman) became ruler of Novgorod and Kieff. 852. Boris first Christian King of Bulgaria (to 884). 865. The fleet of the Russians (Northmen) threatened Constantinople. 904. Russian (Northmen) fleet off Constantinople. 912. Rolf the Ganger established himself in Normandy. 919. Henry the Fowler elected King of Germany. 936. Otto I became King of Germany in succession to his father, Henry the Fowler. 941. Russian fleet again threatened Constantinople. 962. Otto I, King of Germany, crowned Emperor (first Saxon Emperor) by John XII. 987. Hugh Capet became King of France. End of the Carlovingian line of French kings. 1016. Canute became King of England, Denmark and Norway. 1043. Russian fleet threatened Constantinople. 1066. Conquest of England by William, Duke of Normandy. 1071. Revival of Islam under the Seljuk Turks. Battle of Melasgird. 1073. Hildebrand became Pope (Gregory VII) to 1085. 1084. Robert Guiscard, the Norman, sacked Rome. 1087-99. Urban II Pope. 1095. Urban II at Clermont summoned the First Crusade. 1096. Massacre of the People’s Crusade. 1099. Godfrey of Bouillon captured Jerusalem. 1147. The Second Crusade. 1169. Saladin Sultan of Egypt. 1176. Frederick Barbarossa acknowledged supremacy of the Pope (Alexander III) at Venice. 1187. Saladin captured Jerusalem. 1189. The Third Crusade. 1198. Innocent III Pope (to 1216). Frederick II (aged four), King of Sicily, became his ward. 1202. The Fourth Crusade attacked the Eastern Empire. 1204. Capture of Constantinople by the Latins. 1214. Jengis Khan took Pekin. 1226. St. Francis of Assisi died. (The Franciscans.) 1227. Jengis Khan died. Khan from the Caspian to the Pacific, and was succeeded by Ogdai Khan. 1228. Frederick II embarked upon the Sixth Crusade, and acquired Jerusalem. 1240. Mongols destroyed Kieff. Russia tributary to the Mongols. 1241. Mongol victory in Liegnitz in Silesia. 1250. Frederick II, the last Hohenstaufen Emperor, died. German interregnum until 1273. 1251. Mangu Khan became Great Khan. Kublai Khan governor of China. 1258. Hulagu Khan took and destroyed Bagdad. 1260. Kublai Khan became Great Khan.