Arabic language, 243 Arabs, 253 _et seq._, 294; culture of, 267 Arbela, battle of, 147, 431 Arcadius, 230, 431 Archangel, 419 Archimedes, 151 Ardashir I, 241, 430 Argentine Republic, 396 Arians, 224 Aristocracy, 130 Aristotle, 142, 144, 146, 256, 282, 294, 295, 356, 370 Armadillo, 74 Armenia, 192, 268, 287, 299 Armenians, 100, 108 Armistice, the, 435 Arno, the, 178 Arsacid dynasty, 199, 431 Artizans, 152 Aryan language, 95, 100, 106 Aryans, 95, 104 _et seq._, 122, 128, 151, 174, 176, 185, 197, 198, 233, 303, 429 Ascalon, 117 Asceticism, 158-60, 213 Ashdod, 117 Asia, 72, 197, 227, 287, 298, 329 _et seq._, 333, 399 _et seq._, 403 _et seq._, 430 Asia, Central, 108, 122, 134, 148, 185, 245-47, 255, 334 Asia Minor, 92, 94, 108, 127, 134, 148, 180, 192-93, 238, 243, 258, 271, 292, 429, 430, 431 Asia, Western, 65 Asoka, King, 163 _et seq._, 180, 430 Assam, 394 Asses, 77, 83, 102, 112 Assurbanipal (Sardanapalus), 97, 98, 109, 110 Assyria, 109, 115, 119, 121, 122, 429 Assyrians, 84, 96, 97, 98, 108, 429 Astronomy, early, 70, 74 Athanasian Creed, 224 Athenians, 135 Athens, 129, 135-36, 139, 150, 185, 204, 431 Athens, schools of philosophy in, 238 Atkinson, C. F., 345 Atkinson, J. J., 61, 373 Atlantic, 122, 302 Attalus, 430 Attila, 234, 235, 238, 431 Augsburg, Interim of, 313 Augustus Cæsar, Roman Emperor, 195, 214 Aurelian, Emperor, 200 Aurochs, 197 Aurungzeb, 434 Ausculum, battle of, 178, 430 Australia, 72, 322, 336, 395, 405 Austrasia, 431 Austria, 309, 327, 347-48, 349-52, 390, 411, 434 Austrian Empire, 409 Austrians, 344, 351 Automobiles, 362 Avars, 289 Avebury, 106 Averroes, 282 Avignon, 285, 433 Axis of earth, 1, 2 Azilian age, 57, 65 Azilian rock pictures, 57, 78 Azoic rocks, 11 Azores, 302 B Baber, 290, 310, 332, 433 Baboons, 43 Babylon, 90, 94, 96, 97, 101, 102, 111, 112, 114, 115- 16, 119, 121, 122, 134, 147, 148, 373, 429 Babylonian calendar, 68 Babylonian Empire, 90, 91, 109, 110 Babylonians, 108 Bacon, Roger, 293-97, 433 Bacon, Sir Francis, 321, 355, 433 Bagdad, 256, 267, 290, 292, 432, 433 Bahamas, 407 Baldwin of Flanders, 272 Balkan peninsula, 108, 200, 230, 392, 429 Balkh, 299 Balloons, altitude attained by, 4 Baltic, 415 Baltic Fleet, Russian, 404 Baluchistan, 405 Barbarians, 227 _et seq._, 230, 320 Barbarossa. Frederick, (_See_ Frederick I) Bards, 106, 234 Barrows, 104 Barter, 83, 102 Basketwork, 65 Basle, Council of, 305 Basque race, 92, 107 Bastille, 342, 434 Basutoland, 407 Beaconsfield, Lord, 394 Bedouins, 122, 248 Beetles, 26 Behar, 180, 430 Behring Straits, 52, 71, 73 Bel Marduk, 109, 111, 112, 114 Belgium, 185, 344, 347, 352, 411, 434 Belisarius, 421 Belshazzar, 112 Beluchistan, 149 Benares, 156, 160 Beneventum, 179 Berbers, 71, 92 Bergen, 294 Berlin, Treaty of, 435 Bermuda, 407 Bessemer process, 359 Beth-shan, 118 Bible, 1, 68, 100, 112, 115, 116, 119, 121, 122, 184, 286, 298, 306-07 (_Cf._ Hebrew Bible)