CAUPŌNA. (1) An inn, where travellers obtained food and lodging; in which sense it answered to the Greek words πανδοκεῖον, καταγώγιον, and κατάλυσις. Inns for the accommodation of persons of all classes existed among the Greeks and Romans, although they were not equal either in size or convenience to similar places in modern times. An inn was also called _taberna_ and _taberna diversoria_, or simply _diversorium_ or _deversorium_.--(2) A shop, where wine and ready-dressed meat were sold, thus corresponding to the Greek καπηλεῖον. The person who kept a caupona was called _caupo_. In Greek κάπηλος signifies in general a retail trader, who sold goods in small quantities; but the word is more particularly applied to a person who sold ready-dressed provisions, and especially wine in small quantities. In these καπηλεῖα only persons of the very lowest class were accustomed to eat and drink. In Rome itself there were, no doubt, inns to accommodate strangers; but these were probably only frequented by the lower classes, since all persons in respectable society could easily find accommodation in the houses of their friends. There were, however, in all parts of the city, numerous houses where wine and ready-dressed provisions were sold. The houses where persons were allowed to eat and drink were usually called _popinae_ and not _cauponae_; and the keepers of them, _popae_. They were principally frequented by slaves and the lower classes, and were consequently only furnished with stools to sit upon instead of couches. The _Thermopolia_, where the _calida_ or warm wine and water was sold, appear to have been the same as the _popinae_. Many of these popinae were little better than the _lupanaria_ or brothels; whence Horace calls them _immundas popinas_. The _ganeae_, which are sometimes mentioned in connection with the _popinae_, were brothels, whence they are often classed with the _lustra_. Under the emperors many attempts were made to regulate the popinae, but apparently with little success. All persons who kept inns or houses of public entertainment of any kind were held in low estimation both among the Greeks and Romans. They appear to have fully deserved the bad reputation which they possessed, for they were accustomed to cheat their customers by false weights and measures, and by all the means in their power. CAUSĬA (καυσία), a hat with a broad brim, which was made of felt, and worn by the Macedonian kings. Its form is seen in the annexed figure. The Romans adopted it from the Macedonians. [Illustration: Causia, Hat. (From a Painting on a Vase.)]