CAUTĬO, CĂVĒRE. These words are of frequent occurrence, and have a great variety of significations, according to the matter to which they refer. Their general signification is that of security given by one person to another, or security which one person obtains by the advice or assistance of another. The _cautio_ was most frequently a writing, which expressed the object of the parties to it; accordingly the word cautio came to signify both the instrument (_chirographum_ or _instrumentum_) and the object which it was the purpose of the instrument to secure. Cicero uses the expression _cautio chirographi mei_. The phrase _cavere aliquid alicui_ expressed the fact of one person giving security to another as to some particular thing or act. The word _cautio_ was also applied to the release which a debtor obtained from his creditor on satisfying his demand; in this sense cautio is equivalent to a modern receipt; it is the debtor’s security against the same demand being made a second time. Thus _cavere ab aliquo_ signifies to obtain this kind of security. _Cavere_ is also applied to express the professional advice and assistance of a lawyer to his client for his conduct in any legal matter. _Cavere_ and its derivatives are also used to express the provisions of a law, by which any thing is forbidden or ordered, as in the phrase, _Cautum est lege_, &c. It is also used to express the words in a will, by which a testator declares his wish that certain things should be done after his death. CĔADAS or CAEADAS (κεάδας or καιάδας), a deep cavern or chasm, like the Barathron at Athens, into which the Spartans were accustomed to thrust persons condemned to death. CĔLĔRES, are said by Livy to have been three hundred horsemen, who formed the body-guard of Romulus both in peace and war. There can, however, be little doubt that these Celeres were not simply the body-guard of the king, but were the same as the equites, or horsemen, a fact which is expressly stated by some writers. [EQUITES.] The etymology of Celeres is variously given. Some writers derived it from their leader Celer, who was said to have slain Remus, but most writers connected it with the Greek κέλης, in reference to the quickness of their service. The Celeres were under the command of a _Tribunus Celerum_, who stood in the same relation to the king as the magister equitum did in a subsequent period to the dictator. He occupied the second place in the state, and in the absence of the king had the right of convoking the comitia. Whether he was appointed by the king, or elected by the comitia, has been questioned, but the former is the more probable.