B.C. 22; but during this period many lustra passed by without any censor being chosen at all. Its power was limited by one of the laws of the tribune Clodius (B.C. 58). After the year B.C. 22 the emperors discharged the duties of the censorship under the name of _Praefectura Morum_.--The duties of the censors may be divided into three classes, all of which were however closely connected with one another: I. _The Census_, or register of the citizens and of their property, in which were included the _lectio senatus_, and the _recognitio equitum_; II. _The Regimen Morum_; and III. _The administration of the finances of the state_, under which were classed the superintendence of the public buildings and the erection of all new public works.--I. The CENSUS, the first and principal duty of the censors, for which the proper expression is _censum agere_, was always held in the Campus Martius, and from the year B.C. 435 in a special building called _Villa Publica_. After the auspicia had been taken, the citizens were summoned by a public crier (_praeco_) to appear before the censors. Each tribe was called up separately, and every paterfamilias had to appear in person before the censors, who were seated in their curule chairs. The census was conducted _ad arbitrium censoris_; but the censors laid down certain rules, sometimes called _leges censui censendo_, in which mention was made of the different kinds of property subject to the census, and in what way their value was to be estimated. According to these laws each citizen had to give an account of himself, of his family, and of his property upon oath, _ex animi sententia_. First he had to give his full name (_praenomen_, _nomen_, and _cognomen_) and that of his father, or if he were a freedman that of his patron, and he was likewise obliged to state his age. He was then asked, _Tu, ex animi tui sententia, uxorem habes?_ and if married he had to give the name of his wife, and likewise the number, names, and ages of his children, if any. Single women (_viduae_) and orphans (_orbi orbaeque_) were represented by their tutores; their names were entered in separate lists, and they were not included in the sum total of capita. After a citizen had stated his name, age, family, &c., he then had to give an account of all his property, so far as it was subject to the census. In making this statement he was said _censere_ or _censeri_, as a deponent, “to value or estimate himself,” or as a passive “to be valued or estimated:” the censor, who received the statement, was also said _censere_, as well as _accipere censum_. Only such things were liable to the census (_censui censendo_) as were property _ex jure Quiritium_. Land formed the most important article in the census; next came slaves and cattle. The censors also possessed the right of calling for a return of such objects as had not usually been given in, such as clothing, jewels, and carriages. We can hardly doubt that the censors possessed