Louis had been the real sovereign of Bavaria for sixteen years and to his kingdom were now added all the German districts on the right bank of the Rhine (except Friesland), together with Mainz, Worms, and Speyer on the left bank, under the general name of _Francia Orientalis_. Charles retained the western countries--Aquitaine, Gascony, Septimania, the Spanish March, Burgundy west of the Saone, Neustria, Brittany, and Flanders--designated collectively as _Francia Occidentalis_.[204] The intervening belt of lands, including the two capitals Rome and Aachen, and extending from Terracina in Italy to the North Sea, went to Lothair.[205] With it went the more or less nominal imperial dignity. In general, Louis's portion represented the coming Germany and Charles's the future France. But that of Lothair was utterly lacking in either geographical or racial unity and was destined not long to be held together. Parts of it, particularly modern Alsace and Lorraine, have remained to this day a bone of contention between the states on the east and west. "The partition of 843," says Professor Emerton, "involved, so far as we know, nothing new in the relations of the three brothers to each other. The theory of the empire was preserved, but the meaning of it disappeared. There is no mention of any actual superiority of the Emperor (Lothair) over his brothers, and there is nothing to show that the imperial name was anything but an empty title, a memory of something great which men could not quite let die, but which for a hundred years to come was to be powerless for good or evil."[206] The empire itself was never afterwards united under the rule of one man, except for two years (885-887) in the time of Charles the Fat. Sources--(a) _Annales Bertiniani_ ["Annals of Saint Bertin"]. Translated from text in _Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores_ (Pertz ed.), Vol. I., p. 440. (b) _Rudolfi Fuldensis Annales_ ["Annals of Rudolph of Fulda"]. Text in _Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores_ (Pertz ed.), Vol. I., p. 362. [Sidenote: A statement from the annals of Saint Bertin] (a) Charles set out to find his brothers, and they met at Verdun. By the division there made Louis received for his share all the country beyond the Rhine,[207] and on this side Speyer, Worms, Mainz, and the territories belonging to these cities. Lothair received that which is between the Scheldt and the Rhine toward the sea, and that lying beyond Cambresis, Hainault, and the counties adjoining on this side of the Meuse, down to the confluence of the Saone and Rhone, and thence along the Rhone to the sea, together with the adjacent counties. Charles received all the remainder, extending to Spain. And when the oath was exchanged they went their several ways. [Sidenote: Another from those of Rudolph of Fulda] (b)