A STUDENT’S HISTORY OF EDUCATION BOOKS ON THE HISTORY OF EDUCATION By DEAN FRANK P. GRAVES A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN THREE VOLUMES Vol. I. Before the Middle Ages Vol. II. During the Middle Ages and the Transition to Modern Times Vol. III. In Modern Times GREAT EDUCATORS OF THREE CENTURIES PETER RAMUS AND THE EDUCATIONAL REFORMATION OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY A STUDENT’S HISTORY OF EDUCATION A STUDENT’S HISTORY OF EDUCATION BY FRANK PIERREPONT GRAVES (PH.D., COLUMBIA) DEAN OF THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION AND PROFESSOR OF THE HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1922 _All rights reserved_ COPYRIGHT, 1915, BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. Set up and electrotyped. Published July, 1915. Norwood Press: Berwick & Smith Co., Norwood, Mass., U.S.A. TO WILLIAM OXLEY THOMPSON, LL.D. PRESIDENT OF THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY WITH APPRECIATIVE MEMORIES OF SIX PLEASANT YEARS OF ASSOCIATION PREFACE There is a growing conviction among those engaged in training teachers that the History of Education must justify itself. It is believed that, if this subject is to contribute to the professional equipment of the teacher, its material must be selected with reference to his specific needs. Antiquarian interests and encyclopædic completeness are alluring and may in their place prove praiseworthy and valuable, but they do not in themselves supply any definite demand in the training of teachers. The greatest services that the History of Education can perform for the teacher are to impel him to analyze his problems more completely and to throw light upon the school practices with which he is himself concerned. By presenting a series of clear-cut views of past conditions, often in marked contrast to his own, it should make him conscious that the present educational situation has to a large degree been traditionally received, and it should at the same time especially help him to understand the origin and significance of current practices.