A Study of Association in InsanityKent, Grace Helen
Science
A Study of Association in Insanity
Kent, Grace Helen
Association of ideas; Psychology, Pathological
Another type of reactions found in the unclassified group, though also
normal, yet not obviously so until explained by the subject, is
represented by those which originate from purely personal experiences,
such as the following, given by normal subjects:
_blossom--T....._
_hammer--J....._
The first of these reactions is explained by the subject's acquaintance
with a young lady, Miss T...., who has been nick-named "Blossom," and
the second is explained by the subject's having among her pupils at
school a boy by the name of J.... Hammer.
It would be difficult to estimate the proportion of such reactions in
the unclassified group, but we have gained the general impression that
it is small. An attempt to place them in a separate group could be
made only with the aid of explanations from the subjects; such aid in
the case of insane subjects is generally unreliable. Moreover, to
class these reactions as strictly normal would perhaps be going too
far, since their general value is obviously inferior to that of the
common reactions; and in any case in which they are given in unusually
large numbers they must be regarded as manifestation of a tendency to
depart from the normal to the extent to which they displace common
reactions. The next type of reactions met with in the unclassified
group is characterized by a peculiarly superficial, or non-essential,
or purely _circumstantial_ relationship to the stimulus. Such
reactions, though occasionally given by normal subjects, are more
often given by insane ones, and seem to be somewhat characteristic of
states of mental deterioration which are clinically rather loosely
described as puerilism. We offer the following examples, given by
normal subjects:
_music--town_
_sickness--summer_
_child--unknown_
_house--enter_
Still another type of reactions to be considered in this connection
consists of words which are in no way related to the corresponding
stimulus words, but which arise from _distraction_ of the subject
by surrounding objects, sounds, and the like. In some cases the
experimenter may be able to judge from the direction of the subject's
gaze, from a listening attitude, and so on, that certain reactions are
due to distraction. In other cases, particularly in cases of normal
subjects, the fact that certain reactions are due to distraction may
be determined by questioning the subject on this point immediately
after making the test; In work with insane subjects, as we have
several times had occasion to point out, such aid is generally not
available.
The group of unclassified reactions includes also one more type of
reactions which are of great importance both numerically and
otherwise. These are the *incoherent reactions*, that is to say,
reactions which are determined neither by the stimulus words, nor by
the agency of perseveration, nor by distraction.
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