INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER II. THE NEAPOLITAN EARTHQUAKE OF DECEMBER 16TH, 1857 7 CHAPTER III. THE ISCHIAN EARTHQUAKES OF MARCH 4TH, 1881, AND JULY 28TH, 1883 45 CHAPTER IV. THE ANDALUSIAN EARTHQUAKE OF DECEMBER 25TH, 1884 75 CHAPTER V. THE CHARLESTON EARTHQUAKE OF AUGUST 31ST, 1886 102 CHAPTER VI. THE RIVIERA EARTHQUAKE OF FEBRUARY 23RD, 1887 138 CHAPTER VII. THE JAPANESE EARTHQUAKE OF OCTOBER 28TH, 1891 177 CHAPTER VIII. THE HEREFORD EARTHQUAKE OF DECEMBER 17TH, 1896, AND THE INVERNESS EARTHQUAKE OF SEPTEMBER 18TH, 1901 215 CHAPTER IX. THE INDIAN EARTHQUAKE OF JUNE 12TH, 1897 262 CHAPTER X. CONCLUSION 321 INDEX 349 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. FIG. PAGE 1. Diagram to illustrate Simple Harmonic Motion 4 2. Isoseismal Lines of the Neapolitan Earthquake 9 3. Diagram to illustrate Wave-path and Angle of Emergence 12 4. Diagram to illustrate Mallet's Method of determining Position of Epicentre 14 5. Plan of Cathedral Church at Potenza 16 6. Fallen Gate-pillars near Saponara 17 7. Model to illustrate the Motion of an Earth-particle during an Earthquake 19 8. Plan of Directions of Fall of Overturned Stone-lamps at Tokio during the Earthquake of 1894 19 9. Meizoseismal Area of Neapolitan Earthquake 22 10. Distribution of Death-rate within Meizoseismal Area of Neapolitan Earthquake 24 11. Diagram to illustrate Mallet's Method of determining Depth of Seismic Focus 26 12. Vertical Section of Cathedral Church at Potenza 27 13. Diagram of Wave-paths at Seismic Vertical of Neapolitan Earthquake 29 14. Geological Sketch-map of Ischia 47 15. Isoseismal Lines of Ischian Earthquake of 1881 51 16. Isoseismal Lines of Ischian Earthquake of 1883 59 17. Diagram of Wave-paths at Seismic Vertical of Ischian Earthquake of 1883 62 18. Diagram showing connection between Depth of Focus and Rate of Decline in Intensity 68 19. Isoseismal Lines of Andalusian Earthquake according to Taramelli and Mercalli 79