A Study of Siouan Cults: Eleventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1889-1890, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1861, pages 351-544Dorsey, James Owen
Religion
A Study of Siouan Cults: Eleventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1889-1890, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1861, pages 351-544
Dorsey, James Owen
Siouan Indians -- Religion
§ 216. The Teton say that a giant, called Waziya, knows when there is
to be a change of weather. When he travels his footprints are large
enough for several Indians to stand while they are abreast; and his
strides are far apart, for at one step he can go over a hill. When
it is cold the people say, “Waziya has returned.” They used to pray
to him, but when they found that he did not heed them they desisted.
When warm weather is to follow Waziya wraps himself in a thick robe,
and when it is to be cold he goes nude. The members of the Heyoka or
Anti-natural Society love the acts of Waziya; so they imitate him in
always saying or doing the opposite of what might be expected under
the circumstances. Riggs says,[165] “Waziya, the god of the north, and
Itokaga, the god of the south, are ever in conflict and each in turn is
victorious.”
HEYOKA.
§ 217. Waziya and Heyoka are not fully differentiated. Heyoka,
according to Riggs,[166] is “the antinatural god.” He is said to exist
in four varieties, all of which have the forms of small men, but all
their desires and experiences are contrary to nature. In the winter
they stand on the open prairie without clothing; in the summer they sit
on knolls wrapped in buffalo robes, and yet they are freezing. Each of
them has in his hands and on his shoulders a bow and arrows, rattles,
and a drum. All these are surcharged with lightning, and his drumstick
is a little Wakinyan. The high mounds of the prairies are the places of
his abode. He presides over the land of dreams, and that is why dreams
are so fantastic.
§ 218. In speaking of the Heyoka gods, Pond says:[167]
Like the Wakinyan, there are four varieties of them, all of which
assume in substance the human form, but it would be unnecessarily
tedious to note the differences of form, especially as the
differences are unimportant. They are said to be armed with the
bow and arrows, and with deer-hoof rattles, which things are
charged with electricity. One of the varieties carries a drum,
which is also charged with the same fluid. For a drumstick he
holds a small Wakinyan god by the tail, striking on the drum with
the beak of the god. This would seem to us to be an unfortunate
position for a god, but it must be remembered that it is “wakan,”
and the more absurd a thing is, the more “wakan.”
§ 219. One of these gods in some respects answers to the whirlwind
zephyr of Greek mythology. It is the gentle whirlwind which is
sometimes visible in the delicate waving of the tall grass of the
prairie.[168]
By virtue of their medicine and tonwan powers the Heyoka render
aid to such men as revere them, in the chase, or by inflicting
and healing diseases, especially those resulting from the
gratification of their libidinous passions.
HEYOKA FEAST.
§ 220. Lynd gives an account of the Heyoka feast. He says:[169]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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