A Study of Siouan Cults: Eleventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1889-1890, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1861, pages 351-544Dorsey, James Owen
Religion
A Study of Siouan Cults: Eleventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1889-1890, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1861, pages 351-544
Dorsey, James Owen
Siouan Indians -- Religion
It is the consecration of the grain to be sown, and is called the
corn dance feast of the woman. The Old Woman who Never Dies sends,
in the spring, the waterfowl, swans, geese, and ducks, as symbols
of the kinds of grain cultivated by the Indians. The wild goose
signifies corn; the geese, the gourd, and the duck, beans. It is
the old woman who causes these plants to grow, and, therefore,
she sends these birds as her representatives. It is seldom that
eleven wild geese are found together in the spring; but, if it
happens, this is a sign that the crop of corn will be remarkably
fine. The Indians keep a large quantity of dried meat in readiness
for the time in the spring when the birds arrive, that they may
immediately celebrate the corn feast of the women. They hang the
meat before the village on long scaffolds made of poles, three or
four rows, one above another, and this, with other articles of
value, is considered as an offering to the Old Woman who Never
Dies. The elderly women of the village, as representatives of
that old woman, assemble about the scaffolds on a certain day,
each carrying a stick, to one end of which an ear of corn is
fastened. Sitting in a circle, they plant their sticks in the
ground before them, and then dance around the scaffolds. Some old
men beat the drum and shake the gourd rattles. The corn is not
wetted or sprinkled, as many believe, but on the contrary, it is
supposed that such a practice would be injurious. While the old
women are performing their part, the younger ones come and put
some dry pulverized meat into their mouths, for which each young
woman receives in return a grain of the consecrated corn, which
she eats. Three or four grains of the consecrated corn are put
into their dish, and are afterwards carefully mixed with the seed
corn, in order to make it yield an abundant crop. The dried meat
on the scaffolds is the perquisite of the aged females, as the
representatives of the Old Woman who Never Dies. But members of
the Dog Society have the privilege of taking some of this meat
from the scaffolds without opposition from anybody.
A similar corn feast is held in the autumn, but at that season it
is held for the purpose of attracting the herds of buffaloes and
of obtaining a large supply of meat. Each woman then carries an
entire cornstalk with the ears attached, pulling up the stalk by
the roots. They designate the corn as well as the birds by the
name of the Old Woman who Never Dies, and call on them saying,
“Mother, pity us; do not send the severe cold too soon, lest we do
not gain enough meat. Prevent the game from departing, so that we
may have something for the winter!”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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