A Study of Siouan Cults: Eleventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1889-1890, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1861, pages 351-544Dorsey, James Owen
Religion
A Study of Siouan Cults: Eleventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1889-1890, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1861, pages 351-544
Dorsey, James Owen
Siouan Indians -- Religion
§ 124. The war prophet has been referred to. In this capacity the wakan
man is a necessity. Every male Dakota 16 years old and upward is a
soldier, and is formally and mysteriously enlisted into the service of
the war prophet. From him he receives the implements of war, carefully
constructed after models furnished from the armory of the gods, painted
after a divine prescription, and charged with a missive virtue--the
tonwan--of the divinities. From him he also receives those paints
which serve as an armature for the body. To obtain these necessary
articles the proud applicant is required for a time to abuse himself
and serve him, while he goes through a series of painful and exhausting
performances which are necessary on his part to enlist the favorable
notice of the gods. These performances consist chiefly of vapor baths,
fastings, chants, prayers, and nightly vigils. The spear and the
tomahawk being prepared and consecrated, the person who is to receive
them approaches the wakan man and presents a pipe to him. He asks a
favor, in substance as follows: “Pity thou me, poor and helpless,
a woman, and confer on me the ability to perform manly deeds.” The
prophet gives him the weapons and tells him not to forget his vows to
the gods when he returns in triumph, a man. The weapons are carefully
preserved by the warrior. They are wrapped in cloth, together with the
sacred pigments. In fair weather they are laid outside of the lodge
every day. They must never be touched by an adult female.[126]
§ 125. Lynd’s account is slightly different, though in substantial
accord with the preceding one:
When a youth arrives at the age proper for going on the warpath he
first purifies himself by fasting and the inipi or steam bath for
three days, and then goes, with tears in his eyes, to some wakan
man whose influence is undoubted, and prays that he will present
him with the wotawe or consecrated armor. This wakan man is
usually some old and experienced zuya wakan or sacred war leader.
After a time the armor is presented to the young man, but until
it is so presented he must fast and continue his purifications
incessantly. It is a singular fact that nothing but the spear of
this armor is ever used in battle, though it is always carried
when the owner accompanies a war party. At the same time that the
old man presents the armor he tells the youth to what animal it is
dedicated, and enjoins upon him to hold that animal wakan. He must
never harm or kill it, even though starvation threaten him. At all
times and under all circumstances the taboo or wohduze is upon it,
until by slaying numerous enemies it is gradually removed. By some
the animal is held sacred during life, the taboo being voluntarily
retained.[127] (See §§ 101, 127.)
THE SPIRITS OF THE MYSTERY SACKS.
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