APOLLODORUS OF DAMASCUS: Built Trajan’s Column, 105–113. Architect and engineer. Addressed a series of letters to the Emperor Trajan on siege engines (_vide_ Thévenot). ATHENÆUS: Lived in the time of Archimedes, B.C. 287–212. The author of a treatise on warlike engines (_vide_ Thévenot). BITON: Flourished about 250 B.C. Wrote a treatise on siege engines for throwing stones (_vide_ Thévenot). BLONDEL, FRANÇOIS: French engineer and architect; born 1617; died 1686. CÆSAR, JULIUS (the Dictator): Born B.C. 100; died B.C. 44. Author of the ‘Commentaries’ on the Gallic and Civil wars. CAMDEN, WILLIAM: Born 1551; died 1623. Antiquary. Published his ‘Britannia’ 1586–1607. COLONNA, EGIDIO: Died 1316. Archbishop of Bourges 1294, after having been tutor to Philip the Fair of France. His best known works are ‘Quæstiones Metaphysicales’ and ‘De Regimine Principum’; the latter was written about 1280. Colonna gives a description of the siege engines of his time. DANIEL, PÈRE GABRIEL: Historian. Born 1649; died 1728. [Page 42] DIODORUS (The Sicilian): Historian. Lived under Julius and Augustus Cæsar (Augustus died A.D. 14). The best modern edition is that edited by L. Dindorf, 1828. FABRETTI, RAFFAEL: Antiquary. Born 1618; died 1700. FROISSART, JEAN: French chronicler. Born about 1337; died 1410. His Chronicles printed about 1500. Translated into English by Lord Berners, and published 1523–1525. GROSE, FRANCIS: Military historian and antiquary. Born about 1731; died 1791. Published ‘Military Antiquities’ 1786–1788. HERON OF ALEXANDRIA: Mechanician. Lived B.C. 284–221. Bernardino Baldi edited his work on arrows and siege engines, 1616 (_vide_ Thévenot). ISIDORUS, BISHOP OF SEVILLE: Historian. Died 636. JOSEPHUS, FLAVIUS: Jewish historian. Born A.D. 37; died about the year 100. Wrote the ‘History of the Jewish Wars’ and also ‘Jewish Antiquities.’ Josephus, acting as commander of the besieged, bravely defended Jotapata, A.D. 67, against the Roman general Vespasian. He was also present with the Roman army during the siege of Jerusalem by Titus, A.D. 70. LEONARDO DA VINCI: Italian painter. Born 1445; died 1520. In the immense volume of sketches and MSS. by this famous artist, which is preserved at Milan and entitled ‘Il Codice Atlantico,’ there are several drawings of siege engines. LIPSIUS, JUSTUS: Historian. Born 1547; died 1606. MÉZERAY, FRANÇOIS E. DE: French historian. Born 1610; died 1683. Published ‘Histoire de France,’ 1643–1651. NAPOLEON III.: ‘Etudes sur l’artillerie,’ compiled by order of the Emperor and containing many drawings of the full-sized models of siege engines made by his orders, with interesting and scientific criticism of their power and effect.