Boat-tailed Grakle or Great Crow Blackbird, Quiscalus major, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 504; v. v. p. 480. 221. 2. Quiscalus versicolor, Vieill. Common or Purple Crow-Blackbird.--Purple Grakle. Plate VII. Male and Female. Tail long, much rounded, with the feathers flat. Male with the plumage silky and splendent, the head, neck, and anterior part of the breast blackish, with vivid reflections of violet, steel-blue, and green; general colour of the body dusky, glossed with purple, green, and blue, these colours arranged in three terminal zones, on each feather; rump violet-purple; wings and tail black, glossed with green and blue. Female considerably smaller, with the body more brown, the reflections much less brilliant. Young brown. _Male_, 13, 19. _Female_, 11, 16. Breeds from Texas to the Fur Countries. Resident in the Southern States. Extremely abundant. Purple Grakle, Gracula quiscala, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iii. p. 44. Purple Grakle, Gracula quiscala, Bonap. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 42. Gracula quiscala, Bonap. Syn. p. 54. Common Crow Blackbird, Quiscalus versicolor, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 194; v. v. p. 481. Quiscalus versicolor, Common Purple Boat-tail, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 485. Purple Grakle or Common Crow Blackbird, Quiscalus versicolor, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 35; v. v. p. 481. 222. 3. Quiscalus ferrugineus, Lath. Rusty Crow-Blackbird.--Rusty Grakle. Plate CXLVII. Male, Female, and Young. Tail of moderate length, slightly rounded. Male with the plumage glossy black, with green and bluish reflections, the feathers, when new, slightly margined with reddish. Female with the plumage somewhat duller, a reddish band over, and another under, the eye. Young with the head and neck light brown, the rest of the upper parts brownish-black, the feathers edged with light reddish-brown, the rump tinged with grey; a band over the eye, and the fore part and sides of the neck and body pale yellowish-brown; abdomen dusky, lower tail-coverts dusky brown. _Male_, 9-1/2, 14-1/4. From Texas to Maryland, and along the Mississippi and Ohio to Kentucky, during winter. Migrates northward to the Fur Countries, and to the Columbia River, in summer. Common. Rusty Grakle, Gracula ferruginea, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iii. p. 41. Quiscalus ferrugineus, Bonap. Syn. p. 55. Scolecophagus ferrugineus, Rusty Maggot-eater, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 286. Rusty Blackbird, Quiscalus ferrugineus, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 199. Rusty Grakle, Quiscalus ferrugineus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 325; v. v. p. 483. FAMILY XVII. STURNINÆ. STARLINGS.