110. C. SETIFOLIUS. Wils. Tufts lax soft, bright or yellowish green above, blackish below, without radicles. St. 5–10in. slender, erect, geniculate. L. distant erecto-patent or sub-secund, glossy, from a lanceolate base gradually running into a very long subula, sometimes half twisted; uppermost with wings serrate. Nerve half width of base; auricles very large and inflated, the cells partly fuscous, partly hyaline, hexagonal, above hexagono-rectangular, upper rhombic chlorophyllose; fl. of each sex collected in capitula; males 3–4, fem. numerous. Wet places, and clefts of rocks. I. S. 111. C. SWARTZII. Schpr. Tufts dense soft yellowish green, brownish below, without radicles. St. 2–3in. slender; l. erecto-patent, straight or slightly secund, lowest lanceolate, upper lanceolate-subulate, entire at apex, base somewhat sheathing, auricles hyaline inflated decurrent. Nerve two-thirds of base, finely sulcate at back towards apex. Basal areolæ narrow, auricular very lax hexagono-rectangular hyaline, above sub-quadrate. Granite alpine rocks. Wales, Scotland. * * L. not auricled. § St. radiculose. 112. C. FRAGILIS. B. & S. Tufts pale green glossy, st. ½–2in. fragile. L. densely crowded erecto-patent rigid incumbent when dry, lower lanceolate, upper extended into a subula, toothed at apex, wings recurved above. Nerve very broad. Basal areolæ lax pellucid narrow rectangular, above minute quadrate, no distinct alar cells. Caps. solitary, bent down, oval, symmetric, fuscous, when dry plicate, contracted below the mouth, lid conico-subulate oblique, red; calyp. whitish, rufous at apex. Sandstone rocks and moist heaths. var. β. _densus._ (B. & S.) st. taller, l. shorter, with more acute entire points and laxer cells. 113. C. SCHIMPERI. Milde. Tufts dense compact. St. 1–2in. slender light silky green above, fuscous below. L. erecto-patent, appressed when dry, straight rigid, lanceolate-subulate, channelled, denticulate only at apex. Nerve very broad. Basal cells lax rectangular hyaline, very narrow at margin, above elliptic. Alpine hills. Scotland. 114. C. PYRIFORMIS. Brid. (_C. turfaceus._ B. & S.) Tufts flat olivaceous or bright green, finally tawny. St. ½–1in. slender erect, radiculose only at base. L. less crowded, gradually larger upwards, erecto-patent, lower lanceolate, middle lanceolate-subulate, upper from a lanceolate base setaceous. Nerve one-third base, thin channelled at back. Areolæ resembling _C. flexuosus_, but thinner, hyaline at base Fr. several from same apex; caps. ovate olivaceous, fulvous when ripe, sulcate, lid obliquely rostrate; calyp. whitish, tip brown. Moist heaths and sides of ditches. var. β. _Mulleri._ Juratzka. L. caducous, calyptra without fringe. § § St. very short, not radiculose.