The many nominal species of the subgenus _Sylvilagus_ belong to no more than 12 and perhaps to only ten full species. The now more abundant specimens than were available a half century ago reveal also that there are less trenchant differences between some of the species than were supposed to exist when the five names for genera or subgenera listed immediately above were proposed. Some species can be placed in each of two subgenera with almost equal propriety. If used, four of the five subgeneric names mentioned above would contain only one species each. It seems that no useful purpose is served by attempting to fit the several species of the genus _Sylvilagus_ into more than the two subgenera _Brachylagus_ and _Sylvilagus_; the other names, _Tapeti_ Gray, _Microlagus_ Trouessart, _Limnolagus_ Mearns, and _Paludilagus_ Hershkovitz, are here arranged as synonyms of the subgeneric name _Sylvilagus_ Gray. Sylvilagus brasiliensis Forest Rabbit Total length, 380-420; tail, 20-21; hind foot, 77-80; ear from notch (dry), 39-46. The principal characters of this species are small size, dark color, short tail, and dingy buffy (not white) undersurface of the tail. These rabbits rest in forests or other thick vegetative cover and do not venture far from such cover to feed. SYLVILAGUS BRASILIENSIS CONSOBRINUS Anthony. 1917. _Sylvilagus gabbi consobrinus_ Anthony, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 37:335, May 28, type from Old Panamá, Panamá. Known from type locality only. 1950. _Sylvilagus brasiliensis consobrinus_, Hershkovitz, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 100:353, May 26. SYLVILAGUS BRASILIENSIS DICEI Harris. 1932. _Sylvilagus dicei_ Harris, Occas. Papers Univ. Michigan, Mus. Zool., 248:1, August 4, type from 6000 ft., El Copey de Dota, in the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica. 1950. _Sylvilagus brasiliensis dicei_, Hershkovitz, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 100:352, May 26. _Marginal records._--Costa Rica (Goodwin, 1946:359); Rancho de Río Jimenez; Juan Viñas; type locality; _San José_. [Illustration: FIG. 8. Distribution of _Sylvilagus brasiliensis_. 1. _S. b. truei_ 2. _S. b. gabbi_ 3. _S. b. dicei_ 4. _S. b. consobrinus_ 5. _S. b. messorius_ 6. _S. b. incitatus_ ] SYLVILAGUS BRASILIENSIS GABBI (J. A. Allen). 1877. _Lepus brasiliensis_ var. _gabbi_ J. A. Allen, Monogr. N. Amer. Rodentia, p. 349, August, type locality Costa Rica and Chiriquí; restricted by Nelson (N. Amer. Fauna, 29:259, August 31, 1909), by designation of type specimen, to Talamanca [= Sipurio, Río Sixaola, near Caribbean Coast], Costa Rica. 1950. _Sylvilagus brasiliensis gabbi_, Hershkovitz, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 100:351, May 26. 1908. _Lepus gabbi tumacus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 24:649, October 13, type from Tuma, Nicaragua.