In making use of the name _Euterpe_ for Brazilian palms Martius cites Gaertner as author of the genus and states that it is of worldwide distribution in the tropics. Gaertner’s _E. globosa_ is placed as a synonym of _E. oleracea_[5] Martius, and Jacquin’s older name _Areca oleracea_ stands in the same relation to _Euterpe edulis_ Martius, thus rendering _Euterpe oleracea_ Martius a specific homonym. Subsequently Martius claims the genus _Euterpe_ for himself and expresses doubt whether it is the same as that named by Gaertner, while Drude in Engler and Prantl’s Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien says “_Euterpe_ Mart. (nicht Gaertn.).” Martius also admits that the West Indian _Areca oleracea_ Jacquin is distinct from the Brazilian species of _Euterpe_, and redescribes it under the name _Oreodoxa oleracea_. A further complication connected with _Acrista_ was brought to light by finding that specimens collected by Sintenis (no. 1525) in the Luquillo Mountains in northeastern Puerto Rico and distributed from the Berlin Botanical Garden as _Oreodoxa oleracea_ belong to the present genus, together with others collected in Martinique by Hahn (no. 805) and identified at Paris. With the last, the local name _choux palmiste_ is given, the same which Jacquin noted in the original description of his _Areca oleracea_ (Stirp. Am. 278. 1763). Moreover, it can scarcely be determined from Jacquin’s description whether he was dealing with a _Roystonea_ or an _Acrista_ or with both, though his claim that his was the tallest palm of the Antilles might hold the name for the _Roystonea_. It might then be argued by some that Miller’s species, _Palma altissima_ constituted a segregate from Jacquin’s _oleracea_ and that the latter name is available for the _Acrista_ of Martinique, whether identical or not with that of Puerto Rico. But with a possible doubt between the _Acrista_ and the _Roystonea_ there can scarcely be a justification for the use of the same name for a third South American species or a fourth West Indian. As a means of decreasing the confusion it may be suggested that as neither the generic nor the specific name of the Brazilian palm which Martius called _Euterpe oleracea_ (Hist. Nat. Palm. 2: 29) is available, the name =Catis Martiana= may be proposed, the generic designation having reference to the drooping pinnae characteristic of the present species and several of its South American relatives. =Acrista monticola= sp. nov. Plate 44. Trunk smooth, 10 to 15 m. high, perhaps taller, from 12 to 15 cm. in diameter, with distinct ring-like leaf-scars and internodes, light brownish or appearing grayish with bark lichens.