Topical treatment of a more decided character being required, the physician usually chooses between powder and solution. Powders are usually propelled by a puff of air through a properly curved tube, whether from a rubber ball, a reservoir of compressed air, or the mouth. The mouth allows the most delicate and accurate application, but the mouthpiece should be protected by a valve from receiving a return current when the patient coughs. Solutions may be applied by means of pipette, syringe, brush, cotton wad, or sponge, according to indications. A fragment of sponge securely fastened to a properly-bent rod or pair of forceps is the safest and most effectual material for positive contact against a limited surface, and a brush the best for painting larger surfaces. The use of the cotton wad involves a slight risk of leaving a detached shred of fibre in the larynx, but renders the manipulation less unpleasant to the patient than the use of the sponge, and is less irritating to the mucous membrane. Spasm of the larynx is usually excited the first time that a medicinal application is made within it, and even death by suffocation has followed the incautious use of powerful agents. Hence strong solutions should not be used until the tolerance of the parts has been sufficiently tested by weak or innocuous ones. The remedies which have been employed topically for intra-laryngeal medication seem to include every available medicinal agent that could be mentioned, from rose-water to the incandescent cautery. The list of really useful ones is not very long. Those upon which the most reliance is placed by the writer comprise tannic acid (a saturated glycerite), zinc sulphate (thirty grains to the ounce of rose-water), and silver nitrate (forty to sixty grains to the ounce) in obstinate and protracted cases of simple chronic laryngitis; iodine and carbolic acid, singly or in combination (one grain or more to the ounce of glycerin), and chinoline tartrate or salicylate (five or more grains to the ounce), in cases attended with infiltration; iodoform (finely pulverized or in recent saturation in sulphuric ether) in ulcerative or proliferative tuberculosis; and iodoform and acid solution of mercuric nitrate (one part to ten or twelve of water) in progressive ulcerative syphilis resisting appropriate constitutional treatment. Other {127} astringents in the simple varieties; resorcin in the glandular, hypertrophic, polypoid, and tuberculous varieties; chromic acid and incandescent metal in the circumscribed hypertrophic and in the polypoid varieties; and zinc chloride and copper sulphate in the syphilitic varieties,--proffer additional resources. These applications are to be made at intervals of one day or more, according to results. Hyperæsthesia and pain, whether of the larynx or of parts adjacent, can usually be subdued by the local anæsthetic effect of solutions of erythroxyline hydrochloride (2 per cent.