or stronger) applied at intervals of a few hours, or even by the fluid extract or a strong aqueous infusion of the erythroxylon-leaves. Before the anæsthetic effect of this drug was known, morphine powder (one-eighth to one-fourth of a grain, alone or associated with tannin or with iodoform) or aqueous solutions of morphine salts and of aconite were employed to relieve pain and obtund sensitiveness. The oleate of morphine (2 to 4 per cent. solution) and the oleate of aconitine (2 per cent. solution) are similarly useful. Morphine, by its constitutional influence, is preferable to erythroxyline in some instances, though less prompt in its effects. Where ulcerative processes at the top of the larynx or thereabouts entail odynphagia, these preparations should be used before administering nourishment. The use of erythroxylon products may be entrusted to the nurse or to the patient with comparative safety. Morphine and aconite should be applied only by a medical attendant or an exceptionally skilled nurse. Before any medicinal curative or reparative agent is applied the parts should be thoroughly cleansed of suppurative and secretory products. This may be done with sprays of alkaline solutions--five or more grains of sodium borate or bicarbonate, for example--dissolved in pure water, in tar-water, or in an emulsion of coal tar. An excellent agent, especially in the presence of pus, is hydrogen dioxide, usually furnished in a 10-volume solution which should be diluted with two or more parts of distilled water. It is likewise disinfectant and gently stimulant to mucous membrane. The manipulations by the physician preparatory and medicatory should be performed laryngoscopically, otherwise the entire procedure must be haphazard. Neoplasmata and fungous growths may require removal should they interfere with respiration. In the presence of stricture, surgical interference by tracheotomy may become requisite. Elsberg, according to the testimony of his assistant, Schweig, seems to have been particularly favorable to the performance of this operation in obstinate cases of ulcerative laryngitis of whatever character, and even in protracted non-ulcerative cases, for the purpose of securing physiological rest to the parts, although the procedure might not be indicated to relieve any embarrassment in respiration. The writer's experience in tracheotomy as a factor in producing rest has not been favorable, such a result being usually defeated by the cough so frequently following a tracheotomy, no matter how well-adjusted a tube may have been inserted. His recommendation, therefore, is limited to cases of embarrassment to respiration due to stricture or constriction unamenable to intra-laryngeal interference. Morbid Growths of the Larynx. DEFINITION.--Neoplastic formations, benign and malign, in the interior of the larynx, in its cartilaginous framework, in its investment-tissues, or upon the exterior of the organ.