_(a, b)_ When the septum is deflected and the left nasal chamber is narrowed, the labor of sustaining nasal respiration is thrown on the right side. This arrangement invites a flow of blood to the already large turbinals, and creates obstruction which is frequently referred to the right side, although both are alike affected. Thus, subjects in which the initial obstacle is osseous complain of distress caused by cavernous-tissue hypertrophy of the lining membrane of the opposite side. This represents a very common class of cases. When the septum is not deflected, but projections from it impede the current of air, there may be either unilateral or bilateral obstruction, dependent upon the shape of the septum itself. Hypertrophy of the cavernous layer of the mucous membrane usually coexists. These cases are numerous, but less common than those last described. Infrequently, cases are seen where the distress is occasioned by defects of the osseous structures not accompanied by cavernous hypertrophy. Treatment of the above disorders consists in restoring nasal respiration by removing obstructions, whether they be osseous or membranous. The septal projections may be drilled or filed away, or, if marked deflection of the anterior portion be present dependent upon a malposition of the triangular cartilage, an operation simple in character may be performed for its correction. This consists in severing the connection of the lower margin of the cartilage with the maxilla and slipping the partially free cartilage to a new position. The details attendant upon the operation need not be here given. The reduction of the hypertrophied membranes can be best accomplished by cauterization. The most efficient method is by means of the electric cautery. The electrode used should be flexible and of small size. The points which most frequently require cauterization are the premaxillary portion of the inferior turbinated bone, the under surface of the same, and the septum at the maxillary spur. Rarely the inferior surface of the inferior turbinated bone at the palatal region requires attention. The applications are best made over small surfaces at a time, and should be repeated at intervals of from two to three days until all suspected points have been at least once cauterized. Not infrequently, the effect of the cauterization at one spot will cause constriction to take place in the vessels of the entire mucous surface, so that while this condition lasts it is impossible to tell what additional points of the membranous obstruction demand removal. At the following visit, however, the vessels have become relaxed, the membranes are again turgescent, and if obstruction now occurs it can easily be detected.