(_b_) Conjugate deviation of the eyeballs and head is an important symptom of gross cerebral lesions, and may be considered here, although it is probably due to paralysis. Still, the deviation itself always strikes the observer as a spasmodic effect. The symptom consists in a steady turning of the eyes, face, and head toward one or the other side, and may be best described by likening it to the normal act of looking at an object which is on one side or a little back of us. In one form—that due to an irritative lesion of the motor cortex of one hemisphere—the conjugate deviation forms a part of the hemiplegic epileptiform convulsions (mixed tonic and clonic) which are produced: the deviation is away from the lesion. In a second form, where severe hemiplegia is produced by an acute lesion of the motor area and the subjacent fasciculi of one hemisphere, whether the patient be comatose or semi-conscious, the deviation, of paralytic origin, is away from the paralyzed side of the body and toward the injured hemisphere: the patient is said to be looking at his lesion. In a third form, when the lesion is in one side of the base of the brain (more particularly of the pons), the deviation, again paralytic, is away from the lesion, as a rule. In some cases conjugate deviation exists only as a tendency to look to either side. It is always a valuable symptom in severe cerebral affections, more especially the apoplectic state. (_c_) Paraplegic spasm is also shown in tonic and clonic forms. Partial tonic spasm of this distribution, with paresis of the legs, causes the gait or attitude known as tetanoid or spastic. The four extremities may be in this state of mixed paresis and contraction, as observed in some very young children whose cerebral motor area is probably undeveloped or ill-developed, or which has been damaged shortly after birth by meningeal hemorrhage. (_d_) Monospasm, spasm affecting one side of the face or one extremity, may be of cerebral, spinal, or neural origin. Very often monospasm of clonic form serves to indicate with wonderful precision beginning disease (irritation stage) in limited parts of the cerebrum (in cortical centres and in the connected fasciculi for the face and limbs). Cerebral monospasms are sometimes combined so as to almost constitute hemispasm—_i.e._ brachio-facial or brachio-crural monospasm. Monospasm may precede or succeed monoplegia. (_e_) Universal spasms, tonic, clonic, or mixed, occur in numerous diseased states—in hysteria, epilepsy, chorea, tetanus, toxic conditions, etc. A universal tonic spasm may last long enough (tetanus, epilepsy) to kill by apnœa.