Cysts of the gland or of the duct are formed by retention of the cyst-contents. The retention is due to occlusion of the duct, usually the result of inflammation. In some cases the duct remains pervious, and the retention is due to the altered character of the secretion of the gland, which becomes too viscous to pass, except under unusual pressure, along the duct. These cysts contain clear yellow or chocolate-colored fluid. The diagnosis of cyst of the vulvo-vaginal gland is usually not difficult. If we are in doubt in regard to the fluid character of the tumor, this may be determined with the exploring-needle. Inguinal hernia, hydrocele of the canal of Nuck, cysts of the round ligament, and sacculated cysts of old hernial sacs may be mistaken for cysts of the vulvo-vaginal glands. In such cases, however, the tumor lies more in the upper and outer part of the labium majus, and extends to, and may be connected with, the external inguinal ring. Cysts of the vulvo-vaginal glands should be treated by free incision and packing, or by extirpation. If the sac is emptied by the aspirator or by a small incision, it will refill. The best method is to extirpate the cyst. In case there has been no inflammatory action binding the cyst to surrounding structures, extirpation without rupture is easy. If rupture occurs, the cyst-wall may be dissected off with the knife or removed with the curved scissors. The wound may be immediately closed with deep and superficial sutures. =Pruritus Vulvæ.=--Pruritus vulvæ, or itching of the vulva, may be due to a great variety of causes. Eruptions of the vulva, such as eczema, cause itching. Irritation from the discharge of vaginitis, metritis, cancer of the cervix or body of the uterus, the presence in children of the thread-worm, the irritation from diabetic urine, or trophic lesions of the nerves due to diabetes, may result in pruritus. Some of the pathological conditions of the uterus, tubes, and ovaries may produce reflex irritation of the nerves of the vulva, and cause itching, in a manner similar to that in which vesical calculus causes itching of the glans penis. The congestion of the external genitals that accompanies pregnancy may also produce pruritus. There are some cases of pruritus vulvæ, however, in which no physical cause for the intolerable itching can be discovered, and in which minute examination of the affected portions of skin or mucous membrane demonstrates no pathological change. Such cases are called idiopathic. The itching may be so severe that the woman cannot refrain from scratching and rubbing the parts on all occasions. She becomes debarred from the society of her friends, and seeks relief in anodynes and hypnotics. The continual scratching increases the irritation of the vulva, and an eczematous eruption may result, which produces an irritating discharge that spreads the irritation to other parts of the body with which it may come in contact.