Under anesthesia the vaginal entrance has been stretched by means of large dilators or the fingers, or the fibers of the sphincter vaginæ have been cut on each side of the fourchette and a glass or vulcanite tube of suitable size has then been placed in the vagina and retained for two or three weeks by a perineal pad and T-bandage. Vaginismus is a very rare condition. Operative treatment, except that which may be required for the removal of some local cause of irritation, is rarely, if ever, necessary. =Coccygodynia.=--Coccygodynia is a rare affection characterized by pain in the coccyx and surrounding structures. The pain is caused by pressure, as in sitting, or by any movement involving the muscles attached to the coccyx. The disease is usually caused by traumatism, and in most cases is due to injuries to the coccyx in labor, as a result of which the bone is fractured or dislocated, and becomes fixed in an abnormal position. Sometimes osteitis or necrosis develops. In the unusual cases, in which no structural changes are detected, the condition may be due to rheumatism. Coccygodynia is very rarely found in men. The _diagnosis_ may be made by introducing the index finger in the rectum and palpating the anterior and lateral surfaces of the coccyx, and by moving the bone between the finger in the rectum and the thumb placed in the crease of the nates. The mobility, deformity, and tenderness may be readily determined. If a local lesion is found, and the symptoms have not yielded within a reasonable time to expectant treatment, removal of the coccyx by operation is indicated. The coccyx is exposed by a median incision, the bone is separated from its muscular and tendinous attachments, and is removed at the sacrococcygeal articulation with scalpel or scissors. If the articulation is ankylosed, it may be necessary to use the chain-saw. The wound is drained with a few strands of silkworm-gut and closed with interrupted sutures. Operation should not be advised hastily. The painful symptoms are not always relieved by it. Operation should not be performed unless bony deformity or other distinct lesion is found. CHAPTER V. ANATOMY AND MECHANISM OF THE PERINEUM. An accurate knowledge of the anatomy and mechanism of the female perineum is essential to an understanding of the nature and treatment of injuries to this structure. The anatomical structures lying between the anus behind and the symphysis pubis in front are those that most directly interest the gynecologist. Proceeding from below upward, we find the following structures lying in superimposed planes: the skin, the superficial fascia, the deep layer of the superficial fascia, the transversus perinæi and the sphincter vaginæ muscles, the anterior layer of the triangular ligament, the posterior layer of the triangular ligament, the levator ani muscle (Fig. 19). [Illustration: FIG. 18, _A._--Superficial structures of the female perineum (Weisse).]