The long axes of the three phalanges (os suffraginis, os coronæ, and os pedis) should unite to form a straight line, when viewed either from in front or from one side; that is, the direction of each of these three bones should be the same as the common direction of the three considered as a whole. In young colts both the long and short pasterns are in three parts and the pedal bone in two parts, all of which unite later in life to form their respective single bones. In mules and asses the os pedis is comparatively small and narrow. In cattle all three phalanges are double, and split hoofs cover the divided os pedis. B. The Articulations of the Foot. There are three articulations in the foot—namely, the fetlock, coronary, and pedal joints. All are hinge-joints, the fetlock being a perfect hinge-joint, and the other two imperfect hinge-joints. Each has a _capsular ligament_, and also several _funicular_ or cord-like _ligaments_ which are placed at the sides of (lateral ligaments), or behind (on the side of flexion) the joints. I. The =fetlock= or =metacarpo-phalangeal articulation= is formed by the condyles at the lower end of the cannon bone and the glenoid cavities formed by the union of the articular surfaces of the sesamoids and the upper end of the first phalanx. The following ligaments are about this joint: [Illustration: FIG. 11.] 1. _Two lateral ligaments_, an external and an internal (Fig. 11, _a_). 2. _Two lateral sesamoid ligaments_ (_f_). 3. An _intersesamoid ligament_ (Fig. 12, _b_), a thick, fibrous mass, binding the sesamoid bones almost immovably together, extending above them and presenting on its posterior face a smooth groove, in which glide the flexor tendons of the phalanges (perforans and perforatus). 4. The _suspensory ligament_ of the fetlock (Figs. 11, _c_, 12, _c_, and 13, _c_, pages 29 and 30). This may also be called the superior sesamoid ligament. It is a long and very powerful brace, originating on the lower row of carpal bones (bones of the hock in the hind leg) and on the upper end of the cannon between the heads of the two splint-bones, and dividing at the lower third of the cannon into two branches (_c_), which are attached one to each sesamoid bone. Below these bones these two branches are prolonged obliquely downward and forward on opposite sides of the long pastern to pass into the borders of the anterior extensor tendon of the toe at about the middle of the long pastern (Fig. 14, _b′_, page 32). [Illustration: FIG. 12.] [Illustration: FIG. 13.