The _anvil_ should have a level, smooth, flat steel face. Likewise, the round head and flat face of both _turning-hammer_ and _sledge_ should be smooth. On the _fullering-hammer_ (Fig. 101) the left side is flat, the right side convex, and the cutting edge has slightly rounded corners. The _hardy_, _fullering-hammer_, and _cold chisel_ should be flawless on the edge. The _punch_ (Fig. 102), used to make the nail-holes in the shoe, has a dull point, which should correspond in size with the head of the horseshoe-nail and have slightly rounded corners. The _pritchel_ (Fig. 103) should not taper to a point, but should end in a rectangular surface whose length is twice its width, in order to punch iron through the shoe under the blow of the hammer. Making the Shoe. To make a flat shoe, take the length of the hoof from the point of the toe to the buttress and the greatest width of the hoof; these two measurements, when added together, give the length of the bar for the shoe. The bar should be of such width and thickness as will require the least amount of working. For a bar-shoe or a shoe with heel-calks the bar must be correspondingly longer. Should we wish to preserve the exact outline of the plantar border of the wall, we may advantageously use such a _podometer_ as is shown in Fig. 104. This consists of a perforated sheet-iron plate one-sixteenth to one-twelfth of an inch thick. This is laid upon the hoof, and the outline of the wall marked upon it with chalk. If necessary, the hoof may be set on a piece of smooth, stiff wrapping paper or card-board, and the outline of the wall closely traced with a lead pencil. [Illustration: FIG. 104. Podometer.]